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We may earn a commission from links on this page. The Shortcuts app for iOS was introduced all the way back in 2018, and in the years since, more and more shortcuts have become available—both added by Apple and shared by Shortcuts users. Shortcuts, in case you've never used the app, essentially lets you put together mini apps that connect a trigger (like a time of day or a button push) with an action (like opening an app or turning off wifi). With a vast number of triggers and actions available, there are lots of potential possibilities here. The best way to explain how Shortcuts works is to give you a few examples of what it can do, and how these little connectivity tools can help you do more with your iPhone. Here are 10 picks that show off the power of Shortcuts. iPhone 17 Pro Max $1,199.00 at Apple Shop Now Shop Now $1,199.00 at Apple iPhone 17 Pro $1,099.00 at Apple Shop Now Shop Now $1,099.00 at Apple iPhone 17 $799.00 at Apple Shop Now Shop Now $799.00 at Apple iPhone Air $999.00 at Apple Shop Now Shop Now $999.00 at Apple SEE 1 MORE Extend your Action Button's capabilities If you've got an iPhone with an Action button, then you probably know you can customize what it does via the Action Button entry in iOS Settings. With the Shortcuts app, though, you can extend the Action Button's capabilities further, and set up multiple different combinations using other keys as well. Add Multi-shortcut Action Button to Shortcuts, then assign it to the Action Button. With that done, press and hold the Action Button, and tap the volume up key once, twice, or three times—each combination creates a new shortcut. Dive into the Multi-shortcut Action Button configuration page (via the three dots on its entry in the Shortcuts gallery), and you can match volume key presses to other shortcuts—playing podcasts, sending messages, or whatever you want to do. You've now got a lot more functionality from your iPhone's Action Button. Use News Report AI to get your news right in NotesWith News Report AI added to Apple Shortcuts, you've got yourself an easier and cleaner way of catching up on the day's news without having to venture on to the wilds of the web. Essentially, it turns the RSS feed(s) of your choice into separate entries in Apple Notes. You'll need to do some configuring here of the RSS feed addresses, via the three dots on the shortcut in the gallery (you can duplicate the shortcut if you need more), but then when you run it you get the latest news stories (and short AI summaries) right in Notes. Save X video clips with this shortcut There may be times when you're browsing the sprawling social media platform that is X, and you want to save a video you've come across. That's not especially easy in the X app or the X mobile site, but it's easy with the Download X Videos shortcut. Once you've added it to Shortcuts, the easiest way to use Download X Videos is to pin it to the iOS share sheet (just choose Edit Actions the next time it appears). You can then tap the share button in the X app to find Download X Videos and save clips. MusicBot offers numerous features, including easy access to mixes. Credit: Lifehacker Expand your song repertoire with MusicBotSome of the best shortcuts you can create are related to Apple Music, and MusicBot is a fine example. It offers multiple features every time you activate the shortcut, from surfacing recently added music in your library to controlling playback on AirPlay 2 devices. You can create smart mixes to rediscover tunes you've forgotten about or hear your top songs of the year so far, quickly add songs to playlists, clear your queue with a tap, and dig into your most favorite albums, for example. All of this requires some configuration, so that MusicBot knows the playlists you want to use, but it doesn't take long: You'll be asked a few questions when you first set up the shortcut, and can make edits later by tapping the three dots on the shortcut in the gallery. Save Current Location will log where you are There are all kinds of reasons why you might want to save your current location: You want to remember where you parked the car, or where the best fishing spot is, or how far you've walked on a certain day, and the Save Current Location shortcut has you covered here. Run the shortcut, and your current position on the planet is logged in an Apple Note or copied to the clipboard depending on how you set it up. It's easy and quick, and can be combined with automatic triggers (like a time of day) to make it even more useful. Low Battery Announcement will save you from a dead phone Out of the box, your iPhone has settings for warning you about a low battery and saving as much battery life as possible, but the Low Battery Announcement levels up what's possible, and gives you alerts that can be more precisely customized. Specifically, it calls on ChatGPT to let you customize both the battery warning message and the voice it's read in to tell you what's happening with your battery. Combine this with battery level triggers from the Automation tab in Shortcuts, and you're able to have your iPhone say anything you like when your battery level reaches any point you like—you can set up all the warnings you need about recharging. Shazam & Save listens for what's playing This isn't a shortcut you need to download from the web: You'll find it in the Gallery tab of the Shortcuts app. Once you've got it added, every time you launch it your iPhone will listen out for what's playing, and add the song to your Apple Music library. It's a good example of how shortcuts can expand on what iOS already offers—in this case, the Shazam-powered music identification capabilities. Having the song also added to your library means you're not to forget about it. Personalize your post-morning-alarm routine One of the automation options is stopping an alarm. Credit: Lifehacker As well as adding pre-built shortcuts, you can create your own. Tap the + (plus) button on the Library tab to build shortcuts (what you want to happen), and the + (plus) button on the Automation tab if you want the shortcut to run automatically based on a certain trigger. Shortcuts can always be run manually too. Here's one idea: Rather than just dismissing your morning alarm and that being the end of it, why not have your favorite morning playlist and directions to the office pop up automatically (so you can see how bad the traffic is)? When you create your shortcut, combine the Music > Play Music and Maps > Get Travel Time actions, filling in the specifics as prompted. You can then combine the shortcut with the Alarm > Is Stopped automation. Get a battery warning when leaving the houseYou can set up a shortcut to alert you that your iPhone battery level is low when you're leaving home—giving you the chance to take a charger with you and avoid having a dead phone on your hands in a few hours. There are a few ways to do this: For your main shortcut, combining the Get Battery Status and Show Alert actions is perhaps the simplest option (using the battery status variable as the content of the alert). That shortcut can then be connected to the Leave > Home option on the Automation tab, and customized further as needed: You can set it to only run between certain times of day, for example. Run specific actions in your car One of the other options you'll see on the Automation tab is CarPlay: It means you can have specific actions run whenever you're in your vehicle, and your iPhone has connected to a CarPlay dashboard. Again, there are lots of possibilities. One idea would be to use the Podcasts > Play Podcasts and Weather > Get Weather Forecast actions here, so that you've got your audio listening covered and know the weather conditions to expect on your drive. View the full article

Markets price in greater chance of US interest rate rises after worse than expected data releases this weekView the full article

With AI infrastructure demands continuing to push up memory prices, it's tough to find good value for your tech purchases right now—though the Lifehacker team is always trying its best to help out—and buying used or refurbished can save you a substantial amount of money. That's the big advantage, but there are downsides: You're not getting a brand new device, which means it might not look pristine, and it could come with issues or technical faults attached. The SSD inside a two-year-old laptop won't be quite as speedy as one inside a new model, for example. It's something of a gamble, then, but you can make sure the odds are in your favor by knowing where to buy from and what to look for—and there are definitely used and refurbished items out there that are close to perfect in terms of looks and performance, so you're getting big savings without any real trade-offs. For the purposes of this article, "refurbished" means a device that's been returned to the manufacturer for some reason, and then checked and cleared for resale, typically with a limited warranty attached. If something is "used," it usually comes from a private seller, with fewer guarantees about future performance. Why go used or refurbished?Used or refurbished isn't the route everyone should go down, and if you've got the budget, then buying new is probably best: You get an untouched, factory-fresh device, and plenty of cover if something is wrong with it (which will depend on what type of gadget it is and where you bought it from). With refurbished items, though, sometimes an item will have been returned just because it was opened or the box was damaged, or it was on display in a store—you're essentially getting something that's almost as good as brand new, for a lot less. Opting for a used device means you can save even more, but the risks are greater—each deal is different, but you're looking at everything from 10-year-old phones that people are about to throw away to nearly new laptops that were unwanted gifts. The range in terms of quality and reliability is a lot greater here. The Apple refurbished store is one place to save money. Credit: Lifehacker The big reason to go used or refurbished is the amount of money you can save, especially if you're not particularly worried about getting something in perfect condition, and extra especially if you know a lot about the particular type of tech you're buying—which means you should be able to spot great deals better than most, and can do a few upgrades or repairs of your own once you've got your device. There's also the environmental angle: You're picking up a device that might otherwise get thrown away, extending its lifespan and reducing e-waste. A lot of energy and resources go into manufacturing new devices, so if you're buying used or refurbished on a regular basis, you're contributing less to that. Bear in mind that a lot of other people are saving money this way too, and the competition can be fierce when it comes to grabbing the best deals (there will also be those out there who are buying tech, repairing or polishing it, and selling it). Deciding to do this can be more stressful or more fun, depending on your perspective. What to watch out for when you're buying used techFirst and foremost, look who you're buying from, and adjust your skepticism accordingly. There are refurbished items from big name manufacturers sold through official stores at one end of the spectrum, and used gadgets from someone you've never heard of, with zero seller ratings, at the other. That's not to say you can't pick up a great bargain from a person with no selling history on a personal marketplace—but there's much more of a risk of being ripped off in these scenarios. If you are buying from an individual, look at feedback left from other buyers, if there are any, and factor this into your buying decision. When it comes to refurbished items, look carefully at the device's ratings in terms of performance and damage, any warranty that's being offered with the gadget, and what the returns policy is. Check what accessories (like a charger) are included, as otherwise you'll need to buy these separately. You can find a wide range of gadgets on eBay—but check the listings carefully. Credit: Lifehacker For used gadgets, try and get as much information as you can from the item listing. Ideally, you want to see a lot of pictures (from various angles) and a detailed specs list, but if there isn't enough, don't be afraid to ask: It's particularly important to check on battery health and capacity, as this is one of the areas where older tech can be problematic. Always check the age of a device, too. Software updates are only issued for so long (usually around seven years for phones for example), and you don't want to end up with something that's immediately outdated. The always-helpful End of Life website can tell you when a lot of popular gadgets are going to become obsolete. The more expensive the device you're shopping for, the more careful you need to be: Not only do you stand to lose more money, you'll come across more scammers. And speaking of price, check the current prices for the new version of whatever it is you're buying, too—on some devices, the savings might not be worth it. The best places to buy used and refurbished techeBay has its pros and its cons, but it remains one of the best places to pick up used tech, as long as you do it carefully. The platform runs the full gamut from official retailers to individuals, so there's a lot here to pick through, thd there are some great deals to be had. Look for items with the eBay Money Back Guarantee offered. Back Market lets you easily browse by category. Credit: Lifehacker Back Market has long been a trusted outlet for refurbishers, and it takes a lot of the stress and hassle out of buying refurbed tech. The site works a lot like a regular retail store, and you can quickly get information on the condition each item is in, and how it's been checked and restored. There are lots of user reviews to look through as well. Swappa is a bit of a mix of eBay and Back Market. It's mostly third-party resellers who do business here, though there are individual sellers too. All listings are reviewed by Swappa staff and are clearly categorized, and you can see at a glance a number of key details: the specs, the condition, and (sometimes) a limited warranty. Gazelle is exclusively for phones and tablets, and prides itself on its simplicity and ease of use. It offers its own in-house certification process for refurbished items, so you're buying gadgets that have been returned or traded in directly. There's a 30-day return window, plus plenty of information on each item, including cosmetic condition. Amazon Renewed is worth a look if you're prioritizing convenience and safety: The shopping experience is integrated right into the Amazon website, and everything comes with a 90-day guarantee window for returning items. The quality on offer can vary, so check listings carefully, in terms of item condition and bundled accessories. Then you've got the official refurbished outlets, including Apple, Samsung, and Dell. These score highly on reliability and trustworthiness, though the savings are likely to be less significant. You get less information on individual items as everything is done in bulk, but the guarantees and warranties are excellent—in the case of Apple, for example, you get a one-year limited warranty. View the full article

North America’s largest commuter rail system is facing a potential shutdown as a deadline nears to reach a deal with unionized workers to avert a strike. The Long Island Rail Road that serves New York City’s eastern suburbs has been negotiating for months on a new contract with labor officials representing locomotive engineers, machinists, signalmen and other train workers. A strike was temporarily averted in September when President Donald The President’s administration agreed to help. Those efforts ended without a deal, giving both sides 60 days — ending 12:01 a.m. Saturday — to again try to resolve their differences before the union was legally allowed to go on strike or the agency could lock out workers. Five labor unions representing about half the train system’s 7,000-person workforce warned this week that Saturday’s deadline was approaching. The LIRR is the busiest commuter railroad in North America, carrying about 250,000 customers each weekday. LIRR workers last went on strike in 1994, for about two days. Workers nearly walked out in 2014 before then-Gov. Andrew Cuomo reached a deal with unions. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which oversees the LIRR and other area transit systems, has said it will provide free but limited shuttle buses during the morning and afternoon rush hours. The agency says the shuttles will depart from designated LIRR train stations to subway stops in the New York City borough of Queens. Gov. Kathy Hochul has urged LIRR riders to work from home, if possible, as the free shuttles are meant for essential workers and those who cannot telecommute. The Democrat, months earlier, slammed the LIRR unions for “greedy asks” that threaten to “destabilize the local economy.” But there have been signs of progress in negotiations this week. Months ago, the MTA had proposed to the unions a 9.5% wage increase over three years, in line with what the system’s other unionized workers have already agreed to. The unions, however, held out for another yearly salary increase of 6.5%, for a total raise of 16% over four years. But following Wednesday’s closed door meetings, Gary Dellaverson, the MTA’s chief negotiator, said the agency offered the unions what it said would effectively amount to a 4.5% raise in the fourth year of the contract. That offer, he said, was in line with what federal officials had recommended and would come in the form of lump sum payments rather than wage increases, as the union sought. “The difference between those two positions is not unbridgeable,” Dellaverson said in a news conference. “It is describable simply in terms of money. There are no longer any complexities involved with the parties.” Kevin Sexton, a spokesperson for the unions, acknowledged Wednesday that there was “positive movement” toward a settlement but dismissed the notion that a deal was close as “far-fetched.” “We would like to reach an agreement that reflects the rising cost of living,” he said. “Anything short of that amounts to a cut in real wages.” Spokespersons for MTA didn’t immediately respond to emails seeking comment Thursday, but the union said the two sides were expected to continue talks later that night and reconvene Friday if there was still no deal. Susanne Alberto, a personal trainer from Long Island, said she’s already made plans with her Manhattan clients to hold virtual sessions in the event of a shutdown. She said the union likely has the upper hand, even if she believes raises should be based on job responsibilities and not made across the board. “The MTA is going to cave, and they know that,” Alberto said. “Why don’t they just do it now instead of waiting until virtually millions of people get inconvenienced?” Rob Udle, an electrician who takes the LIRR at least five days a week, said he’ll likely use his vacation days rather than navigate the “nightmare” of commuting into Manhattan if the rail service shuts down. A union member, he sympathized with the unions’ affordability concerns, but said he didn’t agree with their strongarm tactics. “I get it, the cost of living is going up and stuff like that,” Udle said while waiting at Penn Station for a train home. “But they shouldn’t hold everybody hostage to do it. There’s a better way. You’re affecting a lot of other people.” Follow Philip Marcelo at https://x.com/philmarcelo —Philip Marcelo, Associated Press View the full article

Bill Gross has a long history of betting on technological shifts and watching those bets pay off. But the latest proposition from one of Silicon Valley’s most storied founders and investors depends on forces far beyond the Bay Area. With ProRata, Gross is betting he can build a market in which publishers and creators can see how their work informs AI-generated outputs and get paid accordingly. He doesn’t expect AI companies to participate out of goodwill. In fact, Gross has already launched a spinoff, Gist, which allows ProRata partners to generate additional revenue from ProRata’s indexing of their work. Instead, he believes outside pressures will eventually leave AI operators with little choice. In a conversation with Fast Company, Gross discusses how he thinks that shift could happen, and why he believes some of the biggest names in AI are losing the plot. The interview has been edited for length and clarity. Where did the inspiration come for ProRata? The inspiration came when The New York Times sued OpenAI a few years ago. I thought, wow, I really do think that the AI companies are stealing stuff from everybody. I think that lawsuits are one way to solve it, but I think a better way to solve it would be a business model that’s fair to everybody. And I thought, just like Spotify shares revenue with artists, just like YouTube shares revenue with artists, why don’t the AI companies share revenue with artists? If I can solve the problem of unscrambling the egg, figuring out where the answer came from, then I could use that as the attribution breakdown for sharing 50% of the revenues, just like Spotify shares revenues with the artists. So, I worked for a few months on coming up with a method to do that, and I was successful. So, then I patented that, and then I said, now, let me go see if I can get publishers to join. So we have now signed 1,500 publications in the last two years. Now I need to convince the big AI companies to share their revenues 50/50 and use my attribution method, and that is probably going to take two things to happen. One, they need to lose their lawsuits. Two, they need to get profitable, so they actually have revenues to share. To be clear: No AI operators are actually paying money through ProRata? Not yet. It’s a long game. There’s a few reasons why they’ll have to. One, I think they’re going to lose their lawsuits, but two, even if they don’t lose their lawsuits, it’s the right thing to do. But three, if they don’t have current information, their answer quality will go down. If one company does it—I think Microsoft is leaning in to be the first company to do something like this—that will put pressure on all of them to do it. So I think we need one domino to fall. The court cases have been interesting because so far there isn’t a whole lot of consistency. In the Anthropic case, the judge said it’s okay for an AI to get smarter by reading published work. The New York Times was able to show that there were large excerpts of their work literally in the answer. I think the right way to pay is based on output. That you can crawl stuff to train your model, but if you use the content in the output, that’s different. Some ProRata clients like the Atlantic already have deals with OpenAI. What do you add? Those deals were all input for crawling content to train the model. Our proposal is that you should also get paid on the output. I urge all of our publications to get money both ways. [Editor’s Note: The Atlantic’s arrangement with OpenAI does cover output.] The site says you serve publishers and creators; how small can the publisher and creator get? We’ll go to anybody. We have some people who are just vloggers. When this model is correctly affixed, I think smaller publishers are helped more in an AI era. Because you win in the AI answer based on the quality or uniqueness of your content, not by the size of your brand. It’s actually a fair method of giving the long tail proper compensation. About your attribution; have you gotten pushback from AI operators that you’re seeing something that isn’t there? We haven’t got any pushback on that. What we do have is the support from the publishers that the attribution is close enough to being correct that they would sign off on it. In other words, think about this like a Nielsen rating. Yes, it isn’t perfect. But all the advertisers accept it and they accept the fact that it’s a statistical sample. Let’s now pivot to your your spin-off out of ProRata, Gist. While the lawsuits are progressing, and while we’re waiting for the AI companies to get profitable, we want to help publishers be successful in any way we can. So, since we have already crawled their content for the purpose of attribution, we understand a lot about what readers are reading so we can make a number of systems for them to help them monetize their content better. People are trained to ask questions now, so if you show related questions on a website, click-through rate is very, very high. Like, between 3% and 5%, and therefore we can monetize those very well. Gist’s site-specific search is interesting to me because I keep finding that some of the worst performing search UXs around are on news sites where I’ve worked—where I have to switch to Google to find what I know I wrote. The site searches are notoriously bad. I think most publishers just haven’t invested in it to make it good. And, of course, Google invests billions of dollars to make it good. Our AI site search is better than Google because we haven’t just done keyword search. We’re actually understanding the context and the knowledge graph of each article. Basically, here’s the thing that large language models do so great: LLMs actually have a fake, but deeper understanding of the story. They don’t actually understand the story, but they have a fake understanding of it through statistics of words. Because they have such a fake deep understanding of the story, they can predict what questions you might have in your mind next. When you show that people click on it, that gives you another chance at another page view of that visitor way better than if they just left and went to Google and typed in that question. So, giving a website the power to hold on to the user a little bit longer is something we feel very proud of, and is really working. In what ways does ProRata use AI itself? We use it for everything, even the GEO [generative engine optimization] product which we just launched. It was about 13 people for four months; it would have been 30 people for four years if we were doing it the old-fashioned way. Everybody’s using Claude Code, everybody’s using agentic tools. Well, we had a patent come back recently, they rejected maybe 13 out of 15 of the claims. It’s very, very hard to decipher the patent’s office rebuttal, as well as which patents they’re referring to that they think have prior art. I took the patent officer’s rejection, gave it to ChatGPT and said help me come up with a better explanation of why I think these claims are really valid. I gave that back to the patent office a month ago. On Friday, I got the notice back from the patent office and all the claims were approved. They only got approved on their merit, but it would have been very, very hard for me to dig through every one of the other patents they refer to and explain why my thing was different in a convincing way. From the word “fake” you used, it sounds like you are not a believer in artificial general intelligence. Are we in an AI bubble? I definitely think that AGI is possible, probably in a longer time frame than people believe, but I still think we have something which is incredibly useful. It’s not AGI, but it’s wildly powerful, because, though it doesn’t have the depth of human thinking, it has a huge breadth. It has read so many things that it has what I keep calling it a fake understanding of things—but a useful fake understanding of things. I think that valuations are not that high relative to the revenues because the revenue growth is incredible, but I feel the valuations are very high relative to the current profits because they’re losing money. However, the cost per token is going down every day. The value per token is still going up every day. As soon as people start paying the fair price for the value they’re getting—for example, to do that patent, which was very valuable to me, I paid $20 a month. That’s too little. I would pay $100 a month. I don’t think we’re in a bubble in that sense, say, compared to I lived through the dot-com bubble at similarly high valuations, but almost no revenues and almost no path to profitability because they had no revenues. So I think that OpenAI does have a path to profitability. Do you see that as the case for AI companies in general? Anthropic is going after enterprise, who can afford to pay more, is not doing consumer things like Sora and others, which are expensive and don’t bring in much revenue. And Anthropic is smartly, much to some users’ dismay, throttling people back when they’re using it too much to make sure that they get closer to profitability. I think Anthropic is going to get profitable sooner than almost all the other companies. I think that OpenAI is finally getting religion about dropping some of the things that are way too expensive and religion in terms of, well, I have 900 million consumers, I better start charging them advertising. Then I think that Meta is on a fool’s errand right now. I don’t know if you read the recent thing this weekend about every single thing that Mark Zuckerberg has done since Facebook has failed or been bought. He bought Instagram; great success. He went all in on metaverse; I think he’s lost like $80 billion. I think he will lose a lot of money on AI too, because he’s not in first place, and he’s not even third place. The Chinese are doing way better than than he is. But it doesn’t matter. He’s got a money mint from Facebook and Instagram to cover it. Since we mentioned one very rich guy with a self-created public-image problem, we have to talk about xAI. Yeah, well, I think that the general direction of Elon’s bets are good. I just think Elon has a habit of exaggerating the timeline of things like data centers in space, reaching Mars, full self driving, all that. He exaggerates those by about 10 years so that he can raise the money to work on them, and that is a tactic. But he’s promising things that he can’t deliver in the time frame that makes sense. I have to close with this: What is your 10-year-out forecast for AI? Does it upend society? I do think that AI is going to upend society, and I would like to do anything I can to try and have the upending be more uniform and more lifting everybody. I’m worried that it will not be. I’m worried that the rich get richer, and it doesn’t flow down to other people. View the full article

New technologies come and go. Early in my career, I often chased shiny new things in an attempt to be on the cutting edge, but it didn’t take more than a few years to realize I was spending countless hours of my time, and my clients’ time, implementing technologies and techniques that went by the wayside. Google Authorship, anyone? It turns out that if you simply wait for wider — but still early — adoption, learn from the first movers’ mistakes, and catch up quickly, you can avoid wasting time and create greater value for yourself and those you serve. That lesson has served me well. And then there are those key moments where the early movers stand to not just win in the current landscape, but to shape and lead the next one. Think of the first people reading the PageRank paper and thinking, “I should build some links.” WebMCP feels like one of those moments, only bigger. It’s not just a revolution in how search works or even in generative engine visibility. We’re at a moment where the very place discoverability occurs is changing, and who (or rather, what) is doing the discovering is changing with it. Coming soon: Non-human engagement While SEOs have long debated whether we should be optimizing for search engines or humans (shockingly, it’s both), that paradigm is about to be turned on its head. What happens when discovery shifts from a human to an LLM or agentic system? This change is already underway. Whenever you visit ChatGPT with a request, it makes decisions, runs supplemental searches, asks follow-up questions, and returns conclusions. The agent is planning and deciding on your behalf, and your resulting output is shaped entirely by what it retrieves and how it interprets it. We can even see the supplemental (fanout) queries in DevTools: I think of this as the latest chapter in a longer story: Discovery v1: People interacted with the world and discovered things firsthand. Experience and word of mouth were the discovery points. Discovery v2: People started writing things down. Libraries and educational institutions became the discovery points, followed by newspapers and books. Discovery v3: The web proliferates information and media at a scale previously unimaginable. Directories, then search engines, rose to aid discovery. Discovery v4 (current): After about 25 years of search engines, LLMs rose and discovery moved to a blended, LLM-forward format. Light agentic capabilities are baked in to assist retrieval. People are still in the loop, but the assistant is doing more of the legwork. Discovery v5 (on the horizon): Agentic systems move beyond being assistants in the retrieval and presentation layer and are given autonomy to act on users’ behalf. Many users will have their own agents. Companies will offer them. Google almost certainly will. I would argue that the stage we’re entering, Discovery v5, will be the most dramatic since the shift to v2. Can’t you just imagine a world where basic decisions are offloaded from your brain and body, leaving you room to pursue more important things? I know I’ve seen this utopia before. I honestly don’t see it resulting in this future, but the world we’re creating right now is fundamentally different from the one we’re in presently as marketers, and WebMCP is one of the first concrete steps in this journey. Dig deeper: WebMCP explained: Inside Chrome 146’s agent-ready web preview Your customers search everywhere. Make sure your brand shows up. The SEO toolkit you know, plus the AI visibility data you need. Start Free Trial Get started with The trust ratchet only turns one way Do you accept what you read in an AI Overview and stop your journey there more often than you did on the day it launched? Not 100% of the time, but more often than you did? You do. So do I. For quick, low-risk queries, we’re happy to trust it. If you’re like me, as these systems have evolved and improved, you’ve started trusting them with higher-stakes information. Would I trust an AI Overview with tax questions or major health decisions? No. Would I trust it to remind me of the benefits of vitamin D or pull together a dinner recipe? Absolutely. That boundary keeps moving. As it moves, so does what we’re willing to let an agent do on our behalf, not just what we’ll let it tell us. The cost of being wrong when automating the reorder of groceries you’re running low on is small. The benefit of an agent monitoring flight and hotel combinations for an amazing refundable deal, on your days off, within your budget, is very high. The benefit of hopping in an autonomous vehicle with your family after work on a Friday, dinner in hand, playing a game and sleeping, and arriving at Disney World rested just in time for opening — that’s pretty compelling. You may say you’ll never hand your autonomy to an agentic system. People said the same about search engines, smartphones, and GPS. The path usually goes: Skepticism (“Who would ever enter their credit card number on a website?!”) Reluctant adoption (“Ugh, it’s an online service, and I trust the company and don’t have a choice. Alright, I’ll give them my card. But just this once.”) Dependency (“I can’t believe I used to actually go into stores!”) What does this have to do with WebMCP? Here’s where it gets concrete and actionable. MCP servers and skills files are early versions of the infrastructure that makes Discovery v5 possible, but the barrier to entry is high, and they apply only in specific contexts. WebMCP is different. It’s a browser-native web standard, currently published as a W3C Community Group Draft and in early preview in Chrome 146 beta as of this writing, that gives websites a structured way to expose actions directly to AI agents without scraping, guessing, or brittle automation. This isn’t a Google-only initiative. The specification is co-authored by engineers from both Google and Microsoft, which matters. When two of the largest browser and AI platform vendors are writing the spec together, it has a different trajectory than a unilateral bet. Right now, when an AI agent tries to take an action on your website, like filling out a form, booking an assessment, or searching your inventory, it has to figure everything out by reading your page and inferring intent. It looks at your DOM, guesses what your fields mean, hopes the date format it picks is the one your form expects, and submits. It’s intelligent, but it’s also fragile. One UI change and the whole flow breaks. WebMCP changes this by letting you tell the agent exactly what your site can do and how to do it. The spec defines two distinct ways to do that: one that closely maps to what you already know, and one that handles more complex, dynamic interactions. Get the newsletter search marketers rely on. See terms. Declarative vs. imperative: You already know this distinction WebMCP proposes two APIs, and the difference between them will feel familiar to anyone who’s spent time in technical SEO. The Declarative API is the one that should make you sit up and get to work right away. The idea is straightforward. You annotate your existing HTML forms with attributes that describe what the form does and what each field means. The browser automatically translates that into a structured tool any agent can call. The form continues working exactly as before for human visitors. The agent gets a clean, unambiguous interface. To be clear, the declarative API is still being formally specified, and the exact attribute names aren’t locked down yet. But the concept is settled, and demos are already running. Think of it the way you’d think about schema markup in its early days: the syntax evolved, but the underlying idea, annotating what already exists so machines can understand it, was clear and worth acting on. The analogy to schema markup is almost exact. You’re not building a new system. You’re making what you already have legible to a new class of visitor. That’s a pattern SEOs understand intuitively. The Imperative API is more mature in the spec and already available for testing. You register tools directly in JavaScript. Here’s an example for a site taking bookings for an assessment: navigator.modelContext.registerTool({ name: "book-assessment", description: "Book a free IT assessment for your business.", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: { name: { type: "string", description: "Customer's full name" }, city: { type: "string", description: "City for the assessment" }, slot: { type: "string", description: "Preferred time in ISO 8601 format" } }, required: ["name", "city", "slot"] }, execute: async (input) => { // your booking logic here return { confirmed: true, appointmentId: "APT-001" }; } }); This is more powerful and flexible, the right approach for dynamic interactions, multi-step flows, or anything that can’t map cleanly to a single form. Here’s something that makes it genuinely interesting: the tools available on a page can change based on state. A hotel booking demo from Google Chrome Labs illustrates this well. After an agent runs a search_location tool, a new filter_search_results tool appears. After selecting a hotel, start_booking becomes available. The agent’s toolset evolves as the user’s journey progresses, just as a well-designed interface guides a human through a flow. Think of declarative as the equivalent of adding schema markup to existing content: low lift, high legibility, great starting point. An imperative is like building a fully structured data feed, It takes more effort, offers more power, and is better suited to complex or dynamic needs. Most sites should start with declarative and extend into imperative as their needs grow. A quick note on scope: The example below uses the declarative side of WebMCP because, as we’ve discussed, that’s the easiest place for most site owners and SEOs to start. It maps naturally to existing HTML forms. Add clear machine-readable descriptions to the form and its fields, and the page becomes easier for agents to understand. The imperative API is more case-specific. It’s better suited to dynamic flows, multi-step interactions, custom JavaScript logic, or cases where an action does not map cleanly to a single form. What the agent sees: Before and after The contrast is easiest to see with something every service business already has: a booking or contact form. This form: <form action="/contact" method="POST"> <label for="name">Name</label> <input id="name" name="name" type="text" required> <label for="email">Email</label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required> <label for="city">City</label> <input id="city" name="city" type="text"> <label for="message">Message</label> <textarea id="message" name="message" required></textarea> <button type="submit">Send</button> </form> Now here is the same form prepared for WebMCP using declarative-style annotations: <form action="/contact" method="POST" toolname="submitContactInquiry" tooldescription="Submit a contact inquiry for a service business."> <label for="name">Name</label> <input id="name" name="name" type="text" required toolparamdescription="The requester's full name." > <label for="email">Email</label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required toolparamdescription="A valid email address where the requester can be contacted." > <label for="city">City</label> <input id="city" name="city" type="text" toolparamdescription="The city where the requester is located." > <label for="message">Message</label> <textarea id="message" name="message" required toolparamdescription="The requester's question, project details, or service need." ></textarea> <button type="submit">Send</button> </form> The form still works the same way for a human visitor. Nothing about the normal user experience had to change. The difference is that an agent no longer has to guess what the form does or what each field means. The form declares its action with toolname and tooldescription, and each important input explains itself with toolparamdescription. That’s the core idea. You’re not rebuilding the site for agents. You’re making the existing interface easier for them to understand. And critically, this doesn’t have to mean fully automatic submission. For a contact form, you may want an agent to prepare the form and let the user review it before sending. For a low-risk action, you may eventually allow more automation. The point is that the action becomes explicit, structured, and less fragile. The attributes proposed for forms are: toolname: The name of the tool (in this case, a form tool). tooldescription: The description of the tool (in this case, the description of a form). toolautosubmit: A boolean attribute that lets the agent submit the form on the user’s behalf without requiring consent. This may not seem like it’d make sense if you’re thinking about just chatting with ChatGPT, but it suddenly makes sense if you have agents engaged in complex tasks, hooked up to your email, and tasked with completing something complex like making reservations or compiling information that requires details beyond a login or form fill. toolparamdescription: A description of a specific parameter, so the agent is aware of the field it’s engaging with. You can keep up with the specifics of the declarative API as it evolves in the Declarative API Explainer. Why this matters for your sites specifically Think about the types of queries agentic systems will handle on behalf of users in a Discovery v5 world: “Find me an SEO consultant who understands technical SEO, doesn’t talk like a LinkedIn carousel, and has time for a call next week.” “Compare three AI agent observability tools and tell me which one seems most likely to solve my actual problem instead of selling me a chatbot.” “Find a contra dance near me this Friday, check whether beginners are welcome, and add it to my calendar if the band looks fun.” Which site gets the engagement? The one the agent can interact with cleanly, confidently, and without friction. If your competitor has WebMCP-registered tools and you don’t, the agent completes the action on their site and moves on. The user may never know they had a choice. There’s a secondary implication worth naming. Tool descriptions are the new meta descriptions. The quality of your tool name, description, and parameter definitions will directly shape whether an agent selects your tool over a competitor’s, understands what it does, and calls it correctly. The best practices guidance in the WebMCP documentation reads like conversion copywriting. Use clear verbs, explain the why behind options, and be specific about what each parameter means. If that sounds familiar, it should. You’ve been writing for machine readers for years. This is the next layer. See the complete picture of your search visibility. Track, optimize, and win in Google and AI search from one platform. Start Free Trial Get started with The window is open, but not forever I’ve been skeptical of early adoption my whole career. I still am, as a default. But I’ve also learned to recognize the moments that are different in kind, not just degree. Schema markup was one. SSL was one. Mobile optimization was one. Each time, the window in which early movers earned disproportionate returns was real and finite. In each case, the people who understood the underlying shift, not just the tactic, were the ones who compounded that advantage. WebMCP is a W3C Community Group Draft today, co-authored by Google and Microsoft, already running in Chrome 146 beta, and already integrated into Cloudflare’s infrastructure. It’s not table stakes yet. But the trajectory is clear: The spec matures. Browsers ship it. Agents learn to prefer sites that expose structured tools. The sites that haven’t caught up become invisible to that class of visitor. The declarative approach, once finalized, means the barrier to starting will be genuinely low: annotations on your most important forms, not a new backend system. The imperative API is available for testing right now. That’s the argument. It’s the reason I’m making it now, not in six to 12 months when everyone else is trying to catch up. View the full article

We may earn a commission from links on this page. Deal pricing and availability subject to change after time of publication. The LG UltraGear 39GX90SA-W has dropped to $749.99 on Amazon from its original $1,599.99 price, and according to price trackers, this is the lowest it has been so far. It’s a 39-inch ultrawide panel that feels huge in person, especially with its 800R curve wrap that pulls you into games in a way smaller ultrawides usually don’t. Racing games, open-world titles, and anything cinematic look especially good here because the OLED panel gives dark scenes real depth and color without the washed-out look many LCD gaming monitors still struggle with. The 240Hz refresh rate also helps games feel smooth with minimal motion blur, whether you are playing competitive shooters or something slower-paced. LG UltraGear 39GX90SA-W Smart Gaming Monitor $749.99 at Amazon $1,599.99 Save $850.00 Get Deal Get Deal $749.99 at Amazon $1,599.99 Save $850.00 The UltraGear 39GX90SA-W comes with LG’s full webOS smart TV software built directly into the monitor, basically turning this into a smart TV disguised as a gaming monitor. You can open Netflix, YouTube, Crunchyroll, Xbox Cloud Gaming, or GeForce Now without connecting a PC or console—and while that sounds gimmicky at first, it actually makes a lot of sense for people who spend long hours at their desk and want one screen for work, gaming, and streaming. The USB-C connection also helps with that setup because it supports 65W charging, meaning laptop users can connect and charge with a single cable. There are plenty of ports, including HDMI 2.1, DisplayPort, Ethernet, USB-A, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi 6; you are not going to run out of ways to connect devices to it. That said, its 3440 x 1440 resolution spread across 39 inches is not as crisp as a 4K panel, so text can look softer if you spend all day reading documents or editing spreadsheets. The built-in speakers also feel weak for a monitor this large. They work for casual YouTube videos or background streaming, but they lack volume and depth for gaming or movies. Even so, if you want a giant OLED display that can handle gaming, movies, work, and streaming apps all in one place, this deal makes the 39GX90SA-W far more tempting than it was at launch. Our Best Editor-Vetted Tech Deals Right Now Apple AirPods Pro 3 Noise Cancelling Heart Rate Wireless Earbuds — $229.00 (List Price $249.00) Apple Watch Series 11 [GPS 46mm] Smartwatch with Jet Black Aluminum Case with Black Sport Band - M/L. Sleep Score, Fitness Tracker, Health Monitoring, Always-On Display, Water Resistant — $329.00 (List Price $429.00) Apple iPad 11" A16 128GB Wi-Fi Tablet (Silver, 2025) — $319.99 (List Price $349.00) Shark AV2501AE AI XL Hepa- Safe Self-Emptying Base Robot Vacuum — $299.99 (List Price $649.99) Dell 15 DC15250 (Intel Core i7 13th Gen, 512GB SSD, 8GB RAM, Touch Display) — $599.99 (List Price $839.99) Deals are selected by our commerce team View the full article

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated the public on ongoing Salmonella outbreaks linked to backyard poultry. Unfortunately, the outbreaks have continued to spread and have now infected nearly 200 individuals in 31 states, with children making up an alarming number of cases. Here’s what you need to know. What’s happened? As Fast Company previously reported, the CDC in April warned the public about a concerning Salmonella outbreak that had then spread to 13 states. The outbreak was alarming because those infected with Salmonella were found to have strains of the bacterium resistant to fosfomycin, a drug commonly used to treat the infection. Additionally, strains of the bacterium linked to the outbreak were found to be resistant to other commonly used antibiotics, too. At the time, the CDC said the outbreak—believed to be caused by contact with outdoor poultry, such as ducks and chickens—had sickened 34 people, with 13 requiring hospitalization. The agency also cautioned that the number of people infected was likely higher than the official figures suggested. This was because not everyone who becomes infected with Salmonella seeks care. The CDC has now published a new update on its investigation, which it now says includes three Salmonella outbreaks. The results show cases have spread significantly. How many people have been infected? According to a May 14 update from the CDC, cases linked to the drug-resistant Salmonella outbreaks have climbed significantly since the agency’s last update just weeks earlier. “The largest outbreak has an unusually high number of people reporting contact with ducks,” the CDC said in its update. In its previous update, the CDC said 34 people had been sickened, and 13 had required hospitalization. Now those figures have soared. As of yesterday’s update, the CDC has now confirmed that 184 individuals have been infected with Salmonella linked to the outbreaks. The number of hospitalizations has also climbed too. Previously, 13 people had required hospitalization. Now the total number is 53—an increase of 40 people. And unfortunately, the outbreaks have now claimed a fatality. The CDC says that one person from Washington state is confirmed to have died. Just as alarming is the report that 25% of those infected in the outbreaks are children under 5 years old. Children under the age of 5 are particularly vulnerable to Salmonella infections because of their still-developing immune systems. Where are the outbreaks happening? According to the CDC’s update, cases linked to the drug-resistant Salmonella outbreaks have now been confirmed in 31 states. That’s a jump of 18 states since the CDC’s last update. Previously, the outbreaks were mainly limited to the Midwest and the Northwest, but now cases have spread to Texas and states along the Pacific coast. Kentucky currently has the highest number of confirmed cases, at 22. Michigan is not far behind, at 21 confirmed cases. Washington, which has confirmed 9 cases so far, is the only state with a fatality. Here are the states where cases have been confirmed, along with their number of cases as of the CDC’s May 14 update: California: 1 Colorado: 3 Florida: 3 Georgia: 4 Idaho: 10 Illinois: 7 Indiana: 10 Iowa: 1 Kentucky: 22 Maine: 10 Maryland: 6 Massachusetts: 2 Michigan: 21 Minnesota: 3 Mississippi: 2 Missouri: 1 Montana: 2 Nevada: 1 New Hampshire: 1 New York: 1 North Carolina: 1 Ohio: 15 Oregon: 3 Pennsylvania: 2 Tennessee: 4 Texas: 3 Utah: 5 Vermont: 5 Washington: 9 West Virginia: 9 Wisconsin: 17 The CDC has also included a map of the cases. What are the symptoms of Salmonella? The CDC says those infected with Salmonella can show the following common symptoms: Watery diarrhea that might have blood or mucus Stomach cramps that can be severe The agency says that Salmonella infections may also cause additional symptoms, including: Headache Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Symptoms can last anywhere from 4-7 days, and generally appear within 6 hours to 6 days after infection. What can I do to stay safe? In its May 14 update, the CDC says that those who come into contact with backyard poultry or are around their grounds or supplies should be careful to: Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds Don’t wear the shoes you wear in the birds’ environment inside your own house Don’t let the birds or the supplies you use in their care inside your house Don’t let children younger than 5 touch the birds or interact with the area the birds are in While Salmonella infections can be contracted by anyone, children younger than 5, people with weakened immune systems, and people aged 65 or older are more likely to experience severe illness. View the full article

Images of debris from attack on Kyiv apartment block that killed at least 24 suggest Kh-101 missile was usedView the full article

Google adds AI assistant traffic to GA4, FAQ rich results are gone, Ahrefs tests schema, and Condé Nast plans around near-zero search forecasts. The post GA4 Tracks AI Assistant Traffic, FAQ Results Gone – SEO Pulse appeared first on Search Engine Journal. View the full article

Most law firms follow the same trajectory with SEO. They invest in content, build out service pages, refine their technical foundation, and align their site to targeted keywords. Early on, the results are there. But firms often don’t realize they’ve hit the ceiling on their SEO strategy. They just feel it. Rankings stall, growth slows, and the default response is almost always to do more: Publish more content, target more keywords, make more incremental optimizations. However, for firms already investing in SEO, the problem likely isn’t effort or execution. It’s that their strategy is missing the layer that actually drives sustained visibility. SEO still is (and always will be) the foundation, but without authority — real, verifiable credibility across the web — it stops building on itself. And in a search environment that’s consistently changing and being shaped by AI, that gap becomes more and more expensive. Your customers search everywhere. Make sure your brand shows up. The SEO toolkit you know, plus the AI visibility data you need. Start Free Trial Get started with What ‘real authority’ actually looks like Authority is about how the broader web perceives your credibility. It’s often reduced to metrics such as domain authority scores, backlink counts, or content volume. While those stats are useful for tracking, reporting, and strategy, they don’t fully reflect how search engines and AI systems evaluate trustworthiness and expertise. Real authority is whether your firm shows up as a recognized, trusted entity across the web. It’s about how often you’re referenced, cited, and connected to your areas of expertise beyond your own website. Recognition beyond your own website The strongest firms don’t just publish content. They’re referenced in places that actually matter to the audience they want to reach. This shows up in a few key ways: Mentions in legal publications, industry outlets, and news organizations. Quoted expertise in third-party articles, not just bylined posts on your own site. Awards, rankings, and association memberships that create verifiable connections. For example, a labor and employment firm that’s regularly cited in HR trade publications builds a fundamentally different authority profile than one publishing weekly blogs that never get referenced outside of their own website. That difference is visible to both search engines and AI systems. Dig deeper: SEO’s new goal in 2026: Recognition, not rankings E-E-A-T as an authority framework Google’s E-E-A-T framework (experience, expertise, authoritativeness, trustworthiness) isn’t a checklist. It’s a lens for evaluating whether a source deserves to rank in search results. For law firms, this means: Attorney bios with verified credentials and external publication links Content authored or reviewed by practicing attorneys Consistent digital footprint that connects the firm to its practice areas across multiple platforms E-E-A-T isn’t a separate strategy from SEO. It’s the credibility layer that allows your SEO efforts to perform at a higher level and sustain momentum over time. Why authority matters more in an AI search landscape This shift becomes more important as search itself evolves. AI-generated results are changing how visibility is earned and where users engage with your firm. AI systems don’t simply pull from the most optimized pages. They prioritize sources they recognize as credible, introducing a new layer of competition that isn’t tied strictly to rank. Some trends that are already shaping this reality: In July 2025, an Ahrefs study found that only 76% of URLs cited in AI Overviews also appeared in the top 10 organic search results. However, in March 2026, a secondary study found that only roughly 38% of AI citations were pulled from the top 10, with the majority 62% split almost evenly from positions 11-100 and beyond the top 100 spots. AI Overviews now appear in 50%+ of searches, and organic CTR has declined by 61% when they appear. This is where good SEO and GEO converge: The same authority signals that improve your organic rankings are what make AI engines trust and cite your content. Dig deeper: The authority era: How AI is reshaping what ranks in search How to build authority that impacts both rankings and AI visibility Authority isn’t built overnight; it compounds over time, and for most firms, it requires a shift from purely on-site optimization to a more complete view of digital visibility. Audit your off-site footprint The first step is understanding where you are today. When you search for your firm or your attorneys, what appears beyond your own website? Look specifically for: Mentions, links, or citations on third-party websites. Presence in relevant legal or industry directories. Visibility in publications tied to your practice areas. If those signals are limited, that’s often the primary gap, not anything happening on your site. Comparing your footprint to competitors can make this even clearer — are they showing up in places you’re not? Create citable, not just indexable, content Often, law firm content is written specifically to rank, and very little is written to be referenced. To close this gap, shift the approach to: Develop original insights, frameworks, or perspectives that others can cite. Make expertise explicit through attribution and clear positioning. Structure content so both search engines and AI systems can extract key points. When content is built this way, it extends beyond your website and becomes part of a broader authority “network.” This is also where digital PR plays a crucial role in amplifying and reinforcing that visibility. Build entity connections systematically It’s very important to note that authority is reinforced through consistency. Your firm, your attorneys, and your areas of expertise need to be clearly connected across platforms: legal directories, LinkedIn, publication bylines, conference speaking engagements, etc. Digital PR that earns editorial attention, not just backlinks, from publications your target clients and AI engines trust is also paramount to building a cohesive digital identity and authoritative foundation across the web. Dig deeper: From links to brand signals: The new SEO authority model See the complete picture of your search visibility. Track, optimize, and win in Google and AI search from one platform. Start Free Trial Get started with Spark growth through authority SEO is still the foundation of any effective law firm SEO strategy. It ensures your site is structurally sound, accessible, and aligned with how potential clients search. But if your strategy stops at optimization, it will eventually plateau. Authority is what turns that foundation into something that truly compounds. It’s what separates firms that level off from those that keep growing. And increasingly, it’s what determines who gets cited, who gets surfaced, and who earns trust (in both traditional and AI search). The firms investing in authority now aren’t just improving performance today. They’re positioning themselves to be the sources that search engines, AI platforms, and potential clients rely on moving forward. Dig deeper: Why your law firm’s best leads don’t convert after research View the full article

We may earn a commission from links on this page. Deal pricing and availability subject to change after time of publication. At $199.96 for the four-camera kit, down from $349.99, the Eufy Security EufyCam C35 bundle is currently at its lowest price yet, according to price trackers. Eufy’s biggest advantage remains local storage—the included HomeBase Mini stores footage locally with 8GB of built-in storage, and both the hub and cameras support microSD cards if you need more room. You can still pay for cloud storage if you want (starting at $3.99/mo for a single camera or $13.99/mo for 10 devices), but unlike many competing systems, you are not forced into it just to access recordings. That alone makes this setup appealing for anyone tired of stacking subscriptions on top of hardware purchases. Eufy Security EufyCam C35 4-Cam Kit Wireless security indoor/outdoor camera $199.96 at Amazon $349.99 Save $150.03 Get Deal Get Deal $199.96 at Amazon $349.99 Save $150.03 Setup is largely painless. You install the Eufy app, scan a few QR codes, and the HomeBase Mini handles the rest of the pairing process for all four cameras—you don’t have to re-enter wifi credentials for every device, which saves time when mounting multiple cameras around the house. The cameras themselves cover most of the features people expect from a modern wireless security system—they run on batteries, support two-way audio, and have IP67 weather resistance for outdoor use, notes this CNET review. Eufy also includes color night vision, motion alerts, activity zones, and built-in deterrents like lights and sirens. You can tweak motion sensitivity, limit recording lengths to preserve battery life, and filter alerts using AI detection via the companion app. That said, the EufyCam C35 records at 1080p, which now feels modest compared to the growing number of 2K and 4K security cameras available on the market. While the footage is usable and clear enough to identify activity around a yard, garage, or living room, finer details can look soft or grainy, especially at night, and faces and objects become less defined at longer distances. None of this makes the system unusable, but buyers expecting razor-sharp footage may want to spend more on a higher-resolution system like the EufyCam S4. Still, for under $200, this kit gives you four weatherproof cameras, local storage, solid battery life, and a polished app experience without locking core features behind a subscription. Our Best Editor-Vetted Tech Deals Right Now Apple AirPods Pro 3 Noise Cancelling Heart Rate Wireless Earbuds — $229.00 (List Price $249.00) Apple Watch Series 11 [GPS 46mm] Smartwatch with Jet Black Aluminum Case with Black Sport Band - M/L. Sleep Score, Fitness Tracker, Health Monitoring, Always-On Display, Water Resistant — $329.00 (List Price $429.00) Apple iPad 11" A16 128GB Wi-Fi Tablet (Silver, 2025) — $319.99 (List Price $349.00) Shark AV2501AE AI XL Hepa- Safe Self-Emptying Base Robot Vacuum — $299.99 (List Price $649.99) Dell 15 DC15250 (Intel Core i7 13th Gen, 512GB SSD, 8GB RAM, Touch Display) — $599.99 (List Price $839.99) Deals are selected by our commerce team View the full article

This week in search I covered, yep, heated Google search ranking volatility kicking in the middle of this week. Google updated its spam policies to say it also applies to Google's AI responses in Search. Google Discover...View the full article

Forecasting SEO performance means estimating future outcomes from historical data. But search behavior rarely follows stable or linear patterns. Seasonal demand, anomalies, SERP changes, and measurement issues can all distort your data and lead to unreliable forecasts. That makes forecasting more complex than running linear regression, exponential smoothing, or asking an LLM to project trends from historical performance. Here’s how to account for seasonality, detect anomalies, and build more reliable SEO forecasts in Python using models designed for non-linear search data. SEO forecasting pays the bills, but doesn’t add much value Decision-makers rely on forecasts to justify investments and align expectations across digital teams. Stakeholders want forward-looking estimates, finance needs revenue projections, and roadmaps require a clear view of expected returns. However, the value of forecasting has diminished today. AI Mode and AI Overviews created a major disconnect between clicks and impressions as LLM-driven scrapers increased bot activity and inflated impression data in reporting tools. Additionally, Google reported a logging issue affecting Search Console impression data since May 2025. As a result, many forecasts end up serving as reassurance rather than guidance. They shield decision-makers from scrutiny while failing to reflect the business’s actual operating context. From a data analytics perspective, if search performance followed a normal distribution, you could rely on linear regression, exponential smoothing, or even a simple moving average (SMA) with confidence. However, the average SEO forecast still relies on assumptions that don’t hold in organic search: Stable trends. Normal distributions. Consistent relationships between inputs and outputs. TechniqueDescriptionWhen to useWhen not to useLinear regressionFits a straight line through historical data to model long-term trends and project future performance.When traffic or rankings show a consistent upward or downward trend with relatively low volatility. Useful for baseline forecasting and directional planning.When data is highly volatile, seasonal, or affected by frequent algorithm updates, migrations, or campaign spikes.Exponential smoothingApplies weighted averages where recent data points have more influence than older ones. Can adapt to short-term changes.When recent performance is more indicative of future outcomes, such as after site changes, migrations, or content updates. Useful for short-term forecasting.When long-term trends matter more than recency, or when sharp anomalies may distort recent weighting.Simple moving average (SMA)Averages values over a fixed window to smooth noise and highlight underlying trends.When you need to understand data direction, such as smoothing daily traffic for reporting.When forecasting future performance because predictions rely on aggregated historical averages and may miss turning points. Today’s AI landscape forces a rethink of forecasting as search shifts toward highly volatile and probabilistic outcomes. In other words, today, a 10% increase in effort doesn’t translate into a proportional 10% increase in traffic. Several structural factors are at play: Long-tail traffic distribution: A small number of pages typically generate most traffic, while most pages contribute very little. Binary user behavior: Many core SEO metrics, such as CTR, are driven by yes/no interactions (click versus no click) that diverge from normally distributed patterns. Zero-click search impact: High rankings don’t guarantee traffic — more queries are resolved directly in the SERP, inflating visibility without corresponding clicks. If you have to forecast, do it properly. Baseline models still have a role: Linear regression for directional trends. Exponential smoothing for short-term adjustments. Moving averages for noise reduction. There are ways to apply these techniques in Google Sheets. However, they should be treated as descriptive tools, not decision-making systems. To make forecasting useful, you need to move beyond them. Your customers search everywhere. Make sure your brand shows up. The SEO toolkit you know, plus the AI visibility data you need. Start Free Trial Get started with Why LLMs aren’t the answer to SEO forecasting LLMs and MCP connections only compound the inefficiencies listed above. There are two structural problems with this approach. They assume data behaves linearly Pre-configured prompts or skills implicitly assume the data follows a linear distribution. This is misleading because SEO data is dominated by seasonality, cyclical demand, and structural breaks. Any system that treats it as smooth or continuous will systematically misrepresent future performance. They optimize for plausibility, not statistical accuracy LLMs aren’t forecasting models. They’re probabilistic text generation systems. They assign probability scores to predict token sequences based on patterns observed during training. They’re trained to reward your thinking, not challenge it. As a result, they can produce confident but ungrounded outputs that lack the business and domain context required to interpret anomalies. No matter how well engineered the prompt is, the system can still hallucinate – not because it’s “wrong,” but because it’s optimizing for linguistic plausibility, not statistical validity. Forecasting requires explicit handling of seasonality, non-linearity, and critical interpretation of outputs. These analytical responsibilities can’t be abstracted away through prompting alone. LLMs can assist with workflows, accelerate analysis, and even help operationalize models. But they can’t replace the role of an analyst in framing the problem, selecting the methodology, and validating the results. How to do an SEO forecast that accounts for seasonal effects Asking the right questions is often the hardest part of any analysis. SEO forecasts are often requested by enterprise stakeholders or pushed by agencies during new business pitches. This typically makes forecasting more straightforward because the research question is already defined upfront. Either way, the subject of the analysis is usually one of the following search indicators: Clicks (search demand). Impressions (search visibility). Rankings (position distribution). CTR (SERP behavior). For this article, we’ll use Python to forecast synthetic clicks for a fictitious website influenced by seasonal demand. Retrieving and preprocessing seasonal fluctuations Based on the scope of analysis, gather historical data from Google Search Console through either the API or Google BigQuery. While a larger dataset with broader historical coverage is technically better, it may not justify the query costs in BigQuery for an SEO forecast. Carefully assess the tradeoff between cost, resources, time, and data sampling. You might find that using an API to retrieve as much historical data as possible (e.g., via Search Analytics for Sheets) does the job. Set up a Google Colab notebook, install the required dependencies, load your dataset with date and clicks as columns, and convert the date column into a datetime index. Enforce daily frequency to ensure consistency across dates, and quickly fill any missing data gaps using interpolation. #data viz !pip install plotly import plotly.graph_objects as go import plotly.express as px import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot import seaborn as sns from scipy.stats import boxcox #anomaly detection from statsmodels.tsa.stattools import adfuller from statsmodels.tsa.seasonal import STL #timeseries decomposition from statsmodels.tsa.seasonal import seasonal_decompose from statsmodels.graphics.tsaplots import plot_acf, plot_pacf #data manipulation import pandas as pd import numpy as np #time series plotting from prophet import Prophet from statsmodels.tsa.statespace.sarimax import SARIMAX from sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error, mean_squared_error df = pd.read_excel('/content/input.xlsx') df.columns = map(str.lower, df.columns) df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date']) df = df.sort_values('date') # Set index df.set_index('date', inplace=True) # Ensure daily frequency (important for decomposition) df = df.asfreq('D') # Handle missing values df['clicks'] = df['clicks'].interpolate() df.head() Raw clicks line for all available date Does it look like a linear distribution, or can you already spot anomalies? Data preprocessing involves standardizing and cleaning your dataset to reduce the impact of outliers on your next forecast. This step is often overlooked, yet it’s critical for improving model reliability. To prove this, we need to assess stationarity, i.e., whether the relevant measures of central tendency, namely the mean and variance, remain stable over time. result = adfuller(df['clicks'].dropna()) print(f"ADF Statistic: {result[0]}") print(f"p-value: {result[1]}") For context, the smaller the p-value (<0.05), the more confident you can be that patterns in the time series aren’t random. ADF Statistic: -3.014113904399305 p-value: 0.06246422059834887 The p-value isn’t convincing here, meaning the series isn’t stationary (linear), and seasonality likely plays a role. As discussed, assuming SEO data is stationary (i.e., follows a linear distribution) is a flawed heuristic. SEO data often follows non-linear trends, so relying on simple methods that assume stable data can lead to poor forecasts. Instead, you should decompose the time series and model seasonality. Seasonality decomposition helps separate true performance trends from recurring patterns such as weekly or monthly cycles. To do this, we need to zoom in on granular weekly search patterns. #If data recorded daily, and you want to analyse weekly seasonality (period=7) result_weekly = seasonal_decompose(df['clicks'], model='additive', period=7) #If data recorded monthly, and you want to analyse yearly seasonality (period=12) #result_monthly = seasonal_decompose(df['clicks'], model='additive', period=12) # Plot the decomposition for monthly data result_weekly.plot() plt.title('Weekly Seasonal Decomposition') plt.show() STL decomposition framework The trend plot itself is already suggestive: Search interest (clicks) is trending downward. Search interest is likely affected by weekly sales cycles – look at the numerous small peaks. Search interest likely follows seasonal demand – it ebbs and flows at certain times of year. However, the residuals plot contains clusters of large spikes, both positive and negative, reaching up to 500,000. These represent anomalies, or outliers, that appear connected to the trend’s inflection points. This means the model made a “mistake” when decomposing the trend line because it didn’t fully capture sudden spikes. Get the newsletter search marketers rely on. See terms. Handling seasonality with SEO forecast To decompose and isolate seasonality, you can use several models depending on the level of complexity and flexibility you need: ModelDescriptionSTL decompositionA robust technique for separating a time series into trend, seasonality, and residuals. Ideal for revealing the underlying structure in data where patterns vary over time, making it useful for anomaly detection.SARIMAXARIMA extended to seasonal data. A statistical model that handles non-stationary data, seasonal patterns, and external independent variables such as algorithm updates.ProphetBuilt by Meta for real-world data, it handles multiple seasonalities, missing data, and abrupt shifts. Leveraging additive models, it’s particularly suited for time series with strong seasonal patterns.BSTSA Bayesian model that captures trend and seasonality while incorporating uncertainty. BSTS is commonly used for counterfactual estimation in causal impact analysis (“what would have happened if X never occurred?”), making it suitable for testing applications such as pre- versus post-analysis. Useful if you want to learn R. For this article, we’re going to use STL decomposition for anomaly detection in a “wobbling” (non-stationary) time series. # Fit STL decomposition (period=7 for weekly cycle) stl = STL(df['clicks'], period=7, robust=True) result = stl.fit() # Extract residuals and flag anomalies via IQR resid = result.resid Q1, Q3 = resid.quantile(0.25), resid.quantile(0.75) IQR = Q3 - Q1 anomalies = df[(resid < Q1 - 1.5 * IQR) | (resid > Q3 + 1.5 * IQR)] # Plot fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 5)) ax.plot(df.index, df['clicks'], label='Clicks', color='steelblue') ax.scatter(anomalies.index, anomalies['clicks'], color='red', label='Anomalies', zorder=5) ax.set_title('Click Anomalies (STL + IQR)') ax.legend() plt.tight_layout() plt.show() Weekly anomaly detection using STL decomposition The red points are extreme values that aren’t explained by either trend or seasonality. However, detecting anomalies isn’t the same as removing them. In non-stationary time series, variability changes over time (e.g., seasonality, trends, algorithm updates). Removing outliers outright breaks the time index and introduces artificial gaps that bias the actual seasonal impact. A more robust approach is to replace anomalies with expected values. df['trend'] = result.trend df['seasonal'] = result.seasonal df['resid'] = result.resid # --- Define anomaly flag (based on residuals) --- Q1, Q3 = df['resid'].quantile(0.25), df['resid'].quantile(0.75) IQR = Q3 - Q1 df['anomaly'] = ( (df['resid'] < Q1 - 1.5 * IQR) | (df['resid'] > Q3 + 1.5 * IQR) ) # --- Replace anomalies with expected value (trend + seasonal) --- df['clean_clicks'] = df['clicks'].copy() df.loc[df['anomaly'], 'clean_clicks'] = ( df['trend'] + df['seasonal'] ) Because this approach preserves the time series rows, the forecasting baseline is now protected from bias and artificial gaps. You can validate this by applying STL decomposition to the cleaned time series. result_clean = seasonal_decompose(df['clean_clicks'], model='additive', period=7) result_clean.plot() plt.title('Weekly Seasonal Decomposition (Cleaned Data)') plt.show() STL decomposition framework without anomalies What finally stands out is that once a week (every seven observations), there’s a spike. This suggests peak search demand on Saturday or Sunday, indicating stable and consistent interest patterns. A few scattered residuals, or anomalies, remain, but they’re rare and random, showing no clustering or drift. This confirms that outlier handling has been effective and the model fit is robust. At this stage, the time series decomposition is clean enough and ready for forecasting. Plotting a non-stationary SEO forecast While you could experiment with SARIMAX or BSTS, this synthetic SEO forecast uses Prophet because it’s well-suited for handling time series with strong seasonality. Using our anomaly-free dataset with a preserved time index, Prophet can forecast click performance over the next 90 days. To add more context, you can introduce a regressor to flag external factors such as Google core updates or measurement issues. In this example, you can apply a flag to account for the Google Search Console logging issue that artificially inflated impressions between May 2025 and April 2026. The code below generates a 90-day forecast and outputs a line chart, with the option to export the forecast as an .xlsx table. Tabular output of Prophet’s 90-day click forecast from anomaly-free non-stationary timeseries. Note that the lower and upper bounds represent the confidence interval, indicating the range within which clicks are expected to fall over the forecast horizon. prophet_df = df[['clean_clicks']].reset_index() prophet_df.columns = ['date', 'clicks'] prophet_df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(prophet_df['date']) prophet_df = prophet_df.rename(columns={'date': 'ds', 'clicks': 'y'}) # ── GSC INFLATION FLAG ─────────────────── start = pd.to_datetime('2025-05-13') end = pd.to_datetime('2026-04-13') prophet_df['gsc_inflation_flag'] = 0 prophet_df.loc[ (prophet_df['ds'] >= start) & (prophet_df['ds'] <= end), 'gsc_inflation_flag' ] = 1 model = Prophet( yearly_seasonality=True, weekly_seasonality=True, daily_seasonality=False ) model.add_regressor('gsc_inflation_flag') model.fit(prophet_df) # ── FORECAST──────────────────────────────────────────── future = model.make_future_dataframe(periods=90) future['gsc_inflation_flag'] = 0 future.loc[ (future['ds'] >= start) & (future['ds'] <= end), 'gsc_inflation_flag' ] = 1 forecast = model.predict(future) forecast_clean = forecast[['ds', 'yhat', 'yhat_lower', 'yhat_upper']].copy() forecast_clean.columns = [ 'date', 'clicks_forecast', 'lower bound', 'upper bound' ] # Extract next 90 days only forecast_90 = forecast_clean.tail(90) # ── EXPORT OPTION ───────────────────────────────────── EXPORT = True if EXPORT: forecast_90.to_excel('seo_forecast_90_days.xlsx', index=False) # ── PLOTLY VISUALISATION ────────────────────────────── fig = go.Figure() # Actuals fig.add_trace(go.Scatter( x=prophet_df['ds'], y=prophet_df['y'], mode='lines', name='Actual (Cleaned)', opacity=0.6 )) # Forecast fig.add_trace(go.Scatter( x=forecast_clean['date'], y=forecast_clean['clicks_forecast'], mode='lines', name='Forecast', line=dict(dash='dash') )) # Confidence band fig.add_trace(go.Scatter( x=forecast_clean['date'], y=forecast_clean['upper bound'], mode='lines', line=dict(width=0), showlegend=False )) fig.add_trace(go.Scatter( x=forecast_clean['date'], y=forecast_clean['lower bound'], mode='lines', fill='tonexty', name='Confidence Interval', line=dict(width=0) )) # Highlight inflation period fig.add_vrect( x0=start, x1=end, annotation_text="GSC Inflation Period", annotation_position="top left", opacity=0.2 ) fig.update_layout( title='SEO Forecast Adjusted for GSC Impression Inflation Bias', xaxis_title='Date', yaxis_title='Clicks' ) fig.show() Prophet’s 90-day clicks forecast from anomaly-free non-stationary timeseries See the complete picture of your search visibility. Track, optimize, and win in Google and AI search from one platform. Start Free Trial Get started with SEO forecasting isn’t usually linear SEO forecasting isn’t about projecting neat, linear trends – it’s about understanding messy, non-stationary data shaped by seasonality, anomalies, and external shocks. By cleaning data properly, modeling seasonality, and accounting for real-world distortions such as SERP changes and tracking issues, forecasts become less about false certainty and more about informed direction. While the goal isn’t perfect accuracy, a robust approach to forecasting non-stationary time series is essential for framing stakeholder expectations within a realistic range and making better decisions. View the full article

Over the past few decades, “functional” fitness has been seen as everything from a niche practice, to a trend, to a joke. The styles of training that call themselves “functional” vary as well, from bodyweight exercises to Hyrox training. So what is functional fitness really? Functional fitness is more a buzzword than a style of trainingIf you ask somebody who coaches functional fitness, they’ll probably tell you that it’s about doing exercises that will help you in everyday life. Maybe that means doing farmer’s walks with heavy dumbbells so that you’ll be strong enough to carry all the groceries in one trip. Maybe it’s doing hundreds of air squats so you can bend down to pick up your kids. Maybe it’s balancing on a Bosu so you’ll be less likely to slip and fall on an icy sidewalk. Historian Conor Heffernan traces the roots of functional fitness to exercises that were prescribed for general health rather than specifically for strength or sports. Sometimes these would use unusual apparatus like pulleys and weighted balls or, today, battle ropes or suspension trainers. Today’s trainers often define functional fitness in opposition to what they think “regular” fitness is. For some, regular training means a lot of single-joint exercises like bicep curls, so they’ll program compound movements that involve the whole body. For others, regular training means you’re using heavy weights, so they consider functional training to be workouts that use light weights or only bodyweight. And for still others, regular training means doing sets and resting in between them, while functional training keeps you moving the whole time. In other words, “functional” can mean any type of exercise that your trainer prefers. Sometimes "functional fitness" is like a code wordJust when it looked like the functional fitness craze was dying down, it seems more and more gyms and trainers are picking the term back up. But this time, I think something specific is going on: “Functional” is code for “CrossFit-type exercise, but not the CrossFit brand.” CrossFit is a mix of barbell training, gymnastics and calisthenics moves, and cardio. Workouts may involve skill practice, strength training, and most famously timed “WODs” (workouts of the day) that require cardio fitness to power through. But the name CrossFit is trademarked, and it’s tied to a specific company, and that company has some unpleasant things in its history. What do you do if you like the style of workout but you don’t want to do CrossFit CrossFit? You call it something else. So when people do similar exercises as what you'd see in a CrossFit class, sometimes that gets called functional, whether it's being done for a real-life purpose or not. For example, Hyrox classes prepare you for a race, which isn't really functional; but you'll be doing wall balls and lunges and pushing a sled, which you could argue are functional exercises No exercise is non-functionalThe idea of training to be better at everyday life is not a bad one. We all need strength and mobility to exist as a human being without complaining about our knees and our backs all the time, and that goes double as we age. But do you need a specific type of exercise to do that? Not really. Plain old boring barbell squats might not be “functional” in some people’s eyes, but they still build a ton of leg strength to help you pick up your kids. Anything that improves some aspect of your fitness is going to be helpful to you in everyday life. If you want to take a lesson from the world of functional fitness, let it be that you’re not limited to any stereotype of fitness. Balance training can be fun and helpful; so can grip training, and core training, and interval cardio training, and all kinds of things you might not normally think to do in the gym. Learning new skills is an exercise for your brain, as well as your body, and it’s a worthwhile one, too—even if you’ll never find a “functional” use for something like handstand pushups. View the full article

Google's John Mueller said, "The indexing API is inundated by bloggers trying to act like legitimate sites." This means that Google needs to be more careful about who and what they accept through the Google indexing API.View the full article

The University of Chicago has announced a new initiative to provide financial support for students to attend the college for free. Starting in fall 2027, UChicago will offer free tuition for undergraduate students from families with an annual income less than $250,000. The private institution will also provide free tuition, fees, housing, and dining to students from families making less than $125,000. “At a time when many families are uncertain about what the cost of college means for them, we created this initiative to radically expand and simplify our support for students,” said James G. Nondorf, the school’s dean of admissions and financial aid, in a statement. “This initiative will increase predictability and allow students and their families to focus on what’s important: their love of learning, and preparation for meaningful and rewarding lives after graduation. Undergraduate tuition is $71,325 across the board for on-campus, commuter, and off-campus students. With food, housing, fees, and course materials included, it brings the estimated total of attendance to $98,301 for on-campus students. UChicago’s undergraduate students currently receive more than $225 million in annual financial aid, a figure that is expected to increase through this new initiative. This new aid structure supports students by building on the university’s commitment to provide those admitted with their financial needs fully met. UChicago says its core belief is that costs should not prevent a student from joining its academic community, the school shared in a news release. “By deepening our commitment to affordability, we are helping to ensure that the brightest minds can join us,” university president Paul Alivisatos said in a statement. Financial support arrives as cost of college increases UChicago’s free tuition initiative comes at a time when tuition costs for private institutions are rising. For the 2025-26 academic year, the average tuition and fees for full-time undergraduate students attending a private nonprofit four-year increased by $1,750 from the previous academic year, the College Board reports. Other private nonprofit colleges have similar financial support efforts as UChicago, including Northwestern University, which offers free tuition to most students from families making less than $150,000, and Yale University, which will offer free tuition to students from families making less than $200,000 for the 2026-27 academic year. Overall, it is true that the price of attending college has increased dramatically over the past decades—a fact recognized by private academic institutions through their financial aid initiatives. During the 2022-23 academic year, the average tuition and fees for a private four-year college was at its lowest since the 2015-16 academic year, at $43,940 (in 2025 dollars). That average cost now is $45,000 for the 2025-26 academic year. On the other hand, the tuition price for public colleges has declined since the 2022-23 academic year. In fact, tuition for full-time in-state students at a public four-year institution has continually declined from a peak in 2012 at $4,450 (in 2025 dollars) to an estimated $2,300 in the 2025-26 academic year. While we see private nonprofit tuition gradually rise, there are still affordable options to receive a college education at a public four-year and two-year institution. View the full article

Transactions relating to companies including Nvidia, Palantir, Paramount and Boeing listed in disclosuresView the full article

Google is testing showing a new icon in the autocomplete search suggestions, as you type your search. The icon has a magnifying glass with the Gemini logo on it. It suggests a longer query, a prompt, and when you click it, it takes you to Google Search but with the AI Overview response expanded and fully open.View the full article

Google updates its search spam policies to clarify that those policies also apply to Google’s generative AI responses within Google Search. Google is saying that if you use these spam techniques to show your site or brand within AI Overviews, AI Mode or other AI responses, that would be considered spam and Google can take action. What changed. Google updated the introductory line to say: “In the context of Google Search, spam refers to techniques used to deceive users or manipulate our Search systems into featuring content prominently, such as attempting to manipulate Search systems into ranking content highly or attempting to manipulate generative Al responses in Google Search.” Previously, that line said: “In the context of Google Search, spam refers to techniques used to deceive users or manipulate our Search systems into ranking content highly.” Here is a screenshot of the addition: Why we care. There is a lot of advice out there about how to rank and be cited within the AI search engines. Some of that advice may be against Google’s spam policies. So make sure to read those policies and ensure you are not using any spamming techniques to perform within Google’s generative AI responses within Search. View the full article

Google updated the leading paragraph in the search spam policies to clarify that the policies apply to the Google Search AI responses, such as AI Overviews and AI Mode (or whatever else is AI-generated). Google said, "the Google Search spam policies also apply to generative AI responses in Google Search."View the full article

The chair of the Federal Communications Commission on making the agency more ‘aggressive’, his fight with Disney — and playing golf with the presidentView the full article

Hello again, and welcome back to Fast Company’s Plugged In. When the software engineer and entrepreneur Deon Nicholas was CEO of Forethought, a customer service automation platform, he had an executive assistant to manage the minutiae of his workday. Not surprisingly, he appreciated the help. “That was something that I found was critical, something that actually helped me as a leader,” he explains. Few of us who aren’t in the executive suite have the luxury of calling on another person to wrangle our schedule, triage email, and otherwise keep the chaos of our professional and personal lives under control. As Nicholas contemplated the frenzy of excitement over AI agents, it occurred to him: Maybe AI was capable of democratizing the kind of assistance he’d found so valuable. “Having an AI executive assistant is actually the kind of thing that can bridge that gap for people to see what’s possible in agentic AI, and possibly impact billions and billions of people,” he says, listing “journalists, realtors, creators, artists, and athletes” among the possible users for such a product. Working with Volodymyr Lyubinets, his fellow cofounder at Forethought—which was acquired by Zendesk in March—he founded a company called Espa Labs to build it. Their startup’s offering, also called Espa, launched last week, starting at $25 a month or $240 a year, with a free one-week trial. Now, there’s nothing radical about the notion of using AI to automate everyday tasks and calling the results an “assistant.” Countless other products have done that, from Siri to OpenClaw. But having used Nicholas’s brainchild for a week, I’ve found it to be fresh, intriguing, and, most important, useful—and yes, it feels a little like having a trusty human helper on call. The first thing that surprised me about this app is that it isn’t an app. Once I’d connected Espa to Gmail and Google Calendar and answered a few questions about how I planned to use it, all of my interactions were via messaging—the iPhone’s iMessage in my case, though it also supports WhatsApp, Slack, and plain old text messages. That’s consistent with Nicholas’s goal of simulating the experience of communicating with a human assistant. But it also goes a long way toward addressing some of the frustrations of AI productivity in other forms. After all, in an app such as Gmail, AI feels glacial; by the time it’s complied with your requests, you may have lost interest. Integrations that let you access your email and other personal data inside chatbots don’t help much, in part because work stuff gets jumbled in with unrelated matters. Claude Cowork is neat, but when I tried using it to rig up something vaguely comparable to Espa, it was tougher than expected, and I still don’t have it working. With Espa, all of my conversations are in one place, in an iMessage thread. When it takes the service a minute or two to handle requests, it doesn’t feel unnatural, any more than when a human friend or colleague doesn’t respond instantly. The asynchronous nature of messaging is a feature, not a bug: I can ask Espa something, then bop off to a different app until a notification tells me it’s replied. What I did with Espa started out simple. I told it to send me a summary of my schedule each morning, along with updates on emails that looked like they might require action. It quickly saved my bacon by noticing an important calendar invite that I’d forgotten to accept. Encouraged by its attentiveness, I soon entrusted it with more complex jobs, such as weeding out duplicate appointments. In every instance it got what I was asking for and handled it with aplomb. Privacy and safety are understandable concerns when you entrust AI with your personal data. Espa isn’t as risky as tools such as Claude Cowork and OpenClaw, which run on your local computer, know how to operate a web browser on their own, and might have more access to your files and accounts than you realize. Espa, by contrast, is purely a cloud-based service and connected only to my Google account with my express permission. Its settings clearly list what it knows about you, and the actions it’s been programmed to perform on your behalf. I’m too much of a wuss to run OpenClaw, and appreciated Espa’s more locked-down nature. But for a service that’s unlikely to careen out of control, it’s more open-ended than you might expect. For example, it gamely complied with my request that it monitor my inbox for airline receipts, turn them into calendar items, and cc: my wife so she knows about travel plans. It responds well to feedback, such as when I told it to check with me before turning random emailed event solicitations into calendar items. Up until then, its eagerness to please had led to it adding a few before I’d confirmed I had any interest in them. Espa’s tendency to charge ahead is also reflected in its approach to email assistance. Along with assessing the gist of incoming messages and applying labels such as “Needs action” and “Needs reply,” it selectively drafts responses for my approval. If someone writes requesting a meeting, for instance, it might consult my calendar and dash off a brief message suggesting a few potential time slots, attempting to mimic my writing style. Ultimately, I didn’t send any of Espa’s proposed messages. No algorithm is well-equipped to contend with my particular inbox: The lot of a technology journalist is that pitches from PR people overwhelm everything else, and whether I’ll bite on one has little to do with how busy my schedule looks. Even if Espa were better able to channel my likely reaction, my gut tells me that emails meriting a response deserve one written by me. I did flirt with affixing a disclaimer to its messages, which it began adding at my request—“Note: This message was drafted by my AI assistant.” My reservations about sending AI-generated email might explain why I find Espa impressive but a trifle pricey. Additional features are “coming soon,” including the ability to give it access to Google Drive, Google Docs, and Google Sheets; Docs and Sheets will be reserved for even pricier Pro-tier accounts. The more such integrations the service adds, the meatier its assistance will get. (People with paid Granola accounts can already have it tap into their notes.) Even as a first draft, Espa is too rich with possibilities to fully assess during its seven-day free trial period. After a week, you’d still be developing a working relationship with any human assistant, and the same is true for this digital one. I plan to spring for another month of service and figure out additional ways to throw my daily drudgery Espa’s way. If we truly mind-meld, its cost—which Nicholas points out is less than some people pay for Netflix—might start to feel downright reasonable. You’ve been reading Plugged In, Fast Company’s weekly technology newsletter from me, global technology editor Harry McCracken. If a friend or colleague forwarded this edition to you—or if you’re reading it on fastcompany.com—you can check out previous issues and sign up to get it yourself every Friday morning. I love hearing from you: Ping me at hmccracken@fastcompany.com with your feedback and ideas for future newsletters. I’m also on Bluesky, Mastodon, and Threads, and you can follow Plugged In on Flipboard. More top tech stories from Fast Company If an obscure 1980s paradox is any guide, AI may be about to hit a huge tipping point Is AI finally finding its economic groove? Read More → Meta AI is coming to Threads, and some users aren’t thrilled Threads is testing a feature that lets users summon Meta AI into posts and replies for real-time context, though many users say they never asked for it. Read More → Can this Silicon Valley startup make autonomous fleets profitable? Aseon Labs wants to help AV fleets scale with automated service pods that charge, clean, and inspect cars without sending them back to faraway depots. Read More → Gantri just reinvented the wireless light. Now you can, too The lighting company is launching a series of new wireless lamps, and giving everyone else the chance to design their own via a new platform. Read More → The Demi Moore-AI debate is missing the point The backlash to the actress’s Cannes comments reveals how conversations about artificial intelligence keep collapsing into shallow pro- and anti-AI tribalism. Read More → The Internet Archive at 30: Can the web’s memory bank withstand the AI era? Three decades after Brewster Kahle founded the Internet Archive to preserve humanity’s digital record, the nonprofit behind the Wayback Machine is confronting AI scraping fears, antagonistic publishers, and rising storage costs that threaten the future of the open web. Read More → View the full article

Income tax is a vital aspect of your financial environment, affecting both individuals and businesses. It’s important to understand that income tax comes in various forms, including individual and business taxes, in addition to state and local variations. Each type has unique rules, rates, and potential deductions that can influence your financial decisions. Knowing how these factors work can help you make informed choices about your finances, but there’s much more to uncover about the specifics and implications of income tax. Key Takeaways Income tax is a government-imposed tax on individual and business earnings, funding essential government services and programs. The federal income tax system is progressive, with rates ranging from 10% to 37% based on income levels. Taxable income includes wages, salaries, business earnings, and capital gains, while adjustments and deductions determine Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). Individuals can choose between standard deductions or itemized deductions, which reduce taxable income and ultimately lower tax liability. Business income tax applies to corporate profits, while state and local taxes vary, with some states having no personal income tax. What Is Income Tax? Income tax is a fundamental financial obligation that individuals and businesses must meet, acting as a crucial source of funding for government services and programs. To define income tax, it’s a government-imposed tax on the income earned by individuals and businesses. In the U.S., the federal income tax system is progressive, meaning higher earners pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes, with rates currently ranging from 10% to 37% for 2023 and 2024. Individual income tax applies to various income forms, including wages, salaries, commissions, and investment earnings. Business income tax targets profits made by IRS and self-employed individuals. Taxpayers can take advantage of exemptions and deductions to lower their taxable income, which may lead to potential savings on their overall tax obligations. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) oversees the collection of income taxes, enforcing tax laws and managing reportable taxable income. Key Takeaways When considering the nuances of income tax, it’s vital to grasp its progressive nature and how it impacts various taxpayers. Federal income taxation means higher earners face rates between 10% and 37%, based on income level and filing status. Comprehending the taxable income definition is fundamental, as this figure determines how much tax you owe after deductions are applied. Individual income tax applies to wages, salaries, and other income, whereas business income tax targets corporations and self-employed individuals. Tax deductions, like mortgage interest or medical expenses, lower your adjusted gross income (AGI), thereby reducing your overall tax liability. In addition, capital gains tax affects profits from investments, distinguishing between long-term and short-term gains. Finally, keep in mind that property taxes, based on real estate value, play a significant role in funding local public services. By grasping these core concepts, you can navigate your tax responsibilities more effectively. Understanding How Income Taxes Are Collected Comprehending how income taxes are collected involves recognizing the role of the IRS in managing tax laws and ensuring compliance. You’ll find that various income sources, like wages and investments, contribute to your taxable income, and your tax obligations can be influenced by deductions and credits. It’s essential to stay informed about these processes to accurately report your income and fulfill your tax responsibilities. IRS Collection Process The IRS collection process is fundamental for guaranteeing that federal income taxes are paid accurately and on time. This agency collects taxes from individuals and businesses who pay federal income tax based on various income sources like wages, salaries, and investments. For employees, the IRS manages withholding taxes directly from paychecks, whereas self-employed individuals must report and pay their taxes independently. Comprehending how tax works is critical for compliance, as the IRS employs audits and penalties to enforce tax laws. The funds collected support essential government programs, including Social Security and national defense. By following the IRS guidelines, you can avoid issues and ascertain that your tax obligations are met correctly and punctually. Taxable Income Sources Several different sources contribute to taxable income, which is crucial for determining how much you owe in federal income taxes. Taxable income meaning encompasses wages, salaries, commissions, and business earnings, along with investment profits. When you ask what’s considered taxable income, keep in mind that it includes individual income, capital gains from asset sales, and business income for self-employed individuals. The IRS collects income taxes on these various sources, calculating your taxable income by summing them up and adjusting for any deductions or exemptions, leading to your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). In the U.S., individual income tax rates are progressive, so higher earners face increased percentages, whereas some states, like Texas and Florida, impose no state income tax at all. Deductions and Credits Impact When maneuvering through the intricacies of income taxes, it’s vital to understand how deductions and credits can greatly impact your overall tax liability. Deductions reduce your adjusted gross income (AGI), which lowers your taxable income, potentially saving you money. You can choose between itemizing deductions—like medical expenses and mortgage interest—or taking the standard deduction, which is $13,850 for single filers in 2023. Tax credits, in contrast, directly reduce the amount you owe, with refundable credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) possibly giving you a refund if they exceed your liability. Knowing the differences between deductions and tax credits is important for effective tax planning and maximizing your savings based on your income level. The Evolution of Income Tax in the U.S The evolution of income tax in the U.S. reflects significant historical milestones that have shaped the tax system you know today. Initially imposed in 1862 to fund the Civil War, income tax saw a temporary repeal, but it was reinstated in 1913 with the Revenue Act, introducing the progressive tax system we still use. As tax rates have adjusted over the years, ranging from 1% to 37%, this system has aimed to balance economic needs and social equity, impacting millions of taxpayers. Historical Tax Milestones Although many may not realize it, the evolution of income tax in the United States reflects significant historical and economic changes. The federal income tax history began with the first tax enacted in 1862 to fund the Civil War but was repealed in 1872. It wasn’t until the Revenue Act of 1913 that income tax returned, introducing Form 1040 and a progressive tax system. Since then, tax rates have shifted dramatically, with current rates for 2023 and 2024 ranging from 10% to 37%. The 1960s likewise saw the introduction of the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) to guarantee high-income earners pay a minimum tax. Year Event Impact 1862 First income tax enacted Funded Civil War 1872 Repeal of the income tax Tax abolished 1913 Revenue Act reintroduces income tax Introduced Form 1040 1960s Alternative Minimum Tax introduced Guaranteed minimum tax for wealthy Progressive Tax System Building on the historical context of income tax in the U.S., the progressive tax system has become a fundamental aspect of how taxes are levied today. Under this system, individuals pay higher tax rates as their income increases, with federal income tax rates ranging from 10% to 37% for the tax years 2023 and 2024. Initially introduced in 1862 to fund the Civil War, income tax evolved considerably, especially with the Revenue Act of 1913, which established the use of Form 1040 for reporting income. The progressive income tax structure reflects the principle of ability-to-pay, ensuring that higher earners contribute a larger percentage. Furthermore, various exemptions, deductions, and credits have shaped this system, offering potential tax savings for individuals. Exploring Different Types of Income Tax Comprehending the various types of income tax is crucial for traversing the financial terrain, as each category impacts individuals and businesses differently. Grasping the income tax definition helps you navigate your obligations, whether you’re a wage earner or a business owner. Here’s a breakdown of key types: Individual income tax: Levied on wages and salaries, featuring a progressive tax system from 10% to 37%. Business income tax: Applied to corporate profits and self-employed income after deducting expenses. State and local taxes: Vary greatly; some states, like Texas and Florida, have no income tax at all. Capital gains tax: Imposed on profits from investments, with long-term gains taxed at lower rates based on your income bracket. Grasping these types aids in comprehending how federal taxes apply to your specific situation and minimizes your overall tax liability. Individual Income Tax When it pertains to individual income tax, comprehension of how your tax is calculated is crucial. You’ll need to take into account your filing status, which can considerably impact your tax rate and eligibility for deductions and exemptions. Tax Calculation Methods Comprehension of how to calculate your individual income tax can greatly influence your financial planning. To start, you need to define taxable income, which is derived from your total income after applying necessary deductions to your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). Here’s how it’s typically calculated: Determine total income, including wages, salaries, and dividends. Adjust your income to find your AGI. Apply deductions (standard or itemized) to arrive at your taxable income. Use the progressive tax rates (10% to 37% for 2023 and 2024) to calculate your tax liability. Deductions and Exemptions Grasping the deductions and exemptions available to you is vital for minimizing your tax liability. Deductions lower your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) to determine your taxable income formula. You can choose between itemizing deductions or taking the standard deduction, which is $13,850 for single filers and $27,700 for married couples filing jointly in 2023. Itemized deductions may include mortgage interest, state taxes, charitable contributions, and medical expenses, but only if they exceed the standard deduction threshold. Even though tax exemptions were previously available to reduce taxable income by a fixed amount for yourself and dependents, they’ve been suspended until 2026. Comprehending these options is fundamental to optimize your tax planning and reduce your overall tax liability effectively. Filing Status Impact Comprehending your filing status is a key component of your tax strategy, impacting not just your tax rates but likewise the deductions and credits available to you. Your filing status determines your taxable income and the standard deduction you can claim. Here are some important points to take into account: Five filing statuses exist: Single, Married Filing Jointly, Married Filing Separately, Head of Household, and Qualifying Widow(er). Standard deduction for 2023 is $13,850 for Single and $27,700 for Married Filing Jointly. Tax brackets vary; for instance, the 12% bracket for Single filers spans $11,001 to $44,725. Head of Household offers a higher standard deduction and lower rates compared to Single filers, enhancing your tax benefits. Business Income Tax Comprehending business income tax is essential for anyone involved in managing or owning a corporation. This tax, known as corporate income tax, is levied on the profits of C corporations, calculated after deducting allowable business expenses. Currently, the federal corporate income tax rate in the U.S. stands at 21%, a reduction enacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Unlike C corporations, pass-through entities such as S corporations and partnerships report income on their owners’ personal tax returns, thereby avoiding double taxation. Furthermore, the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (CAMT) imposes a 15% minimum tax on corporations with average annual financial statement income exceeding $1 billion, ensuring that larger corporations contribute a baseline level of tax. To minimize tax liability, businesses can take advantage of various deductions, including operating expenses and depreciation, thereby lowering their taxable income effectively. State and Local Income Tax Have you ever wondered how state and local income taxes impact your overall tax burden? These taxes are additional levies that individual states and municipalities impose, and they can greatly affect your finances. Most states charge a state income tax, whereas some, like Florida and Texas, don’t impose any at all. Here are some key points to take into account: State income tax rates can range from about 1% to over 13%. Local income taxes typically apply to both residents and non-residents working in the area, with rates between 0.5% and 4%. Some states offer credits for taxes paid to other jurisdictions to avoid double taxation. Revenues from state and local income taxes fund vital services like education, public safety, and infrastructure. Understanding these taxes is important, as they play a major role in your overall tax obligations and the services you rely on daily. What Percent of Income Is Taxed? How much of your income actually gets taxed? Comprehending what federal taxation is vital for grasping how much you’ll pay. In the U.S., federal income tax rates for 2023 and 2024 range from 10% to 37%, depending on your income level and filing status. Higher earners face higher rates because of the progressive tax system, meaning your income is taxed at increasing rates as it rises through various brackets. For instance, a single filer with a taxable income of $50,000 pays a lower effective rate than someone earning $200,000, although both owe federal tax. Furthermore, payroll taxes, which fund Social Security and Medicare, total 15.3% of wages, shared between employers and employees. Regarding investments, capital gains taxes can vary from 0% to 20%, depending on how long you’ve held the asset. To determine your taxable income, simply subtract deductions from your total income. How Can I Calculate Income Tax? Wondering how to calculate your income tax? Start by determining your total income, which includes wages, salaries, and any other taxable earnings. Here’s a simple process to follow: Adjust your total income with above-the-line deductions to find your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). Subtract either the standard deduction or your itemized deductions from your AGI to figure your taxable income. Apply the federal marginal tax rates, ranging from 10% to 37%, to your taxable income to calculate your gross tax liability. Account for tax credits, like the Earned Income Tax Credit, to determine what’s income tax paid or your potential refund. Which States Have No Income Tax? Are you curious about which states in the U.S. don’t impose an income tax? As of 2023, nine states fit this description: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. Although these states don’t levy a personal income tax on wages and salaries, New Hampshire and Tennessee do tax interest and dividends. To understand how to find taxable income, you need to know what amount of income is taxable, as these states often rely on sales and property taxes to fund public services. The absence of personal income tax can attract new residents and businesses, encouraging economic growth and job creation. Nevertheless, be aware that this lack of tax revenue can lead to higher sales tax rates in these areas. Frequently Asked Questions What Are the Three Main Types of Income Taxes? The three main types of income taxes you’ll encounter are individual income tax, corporate income tax, and payroll tax. Individual income tax is based on earnings and varies by income level, whereas corporate income tax applies to company profits. Payroll tax, conversely, funds Social Security and Medicare, affecting all wage earners. Each tax type plays an essential role in government revenue and impacts financial decisions for individuals and businesses alike. What Are the 7 Types of Taxes With Examples? There are seven main types of taxes you might encounter: Individual Income Tax, which taxes your earnings; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nOdI0UlEYo Corporate Income Tax on business profits; Payroll Taxes for Social Security and Medicare; Property Taxes based on real estate value; Sales Taxes on purchases; Excise Taxes on specific goods like alcohol; and Capital Gains Taxes on profits from asset sales. Each type serves a unique purpose in funding government services and infrastructure. How Much Do You Pay in Federal Taxes if You Make $100,000 a Year? If you earn $100,000 in 2023, you’ll likely owe around $16,712 in federal income taxes before applying deductions and credits. Your effective tax rate is roughly 17%. The tax system is progressive; you’ll pay 10% on the first $11,000, 12% on the next $33,725, 22% on income up to $95,375, and 24% on the remaining amount. Deductions like the standard deduction could lower your taxable income, affecting your final tax liability. What Are the 4 Types of Income? The four types of income you should know are earned income, unearned income, capital gains, and passive income. Earned income includes wages and salaries from work. Unearned income comes from investments like interest and dividends. Capital gains arise when you sell assets for a profit, whereas passive income is generated from ventures where you’re not actively involved, such as rental properties. Each type has different tax implications that can affect your overall financial situation. Conclusion In conclusion, grasping income tax is vital for proper financial planning. By familiarizing yourself with the different types of income tax—individual, business, and state/local—you can make informed decisions. Remember, tax rates and rules vary greatly by jurisdiction, so knowing how to calculate your tax liability and exploring states with no income tax can additionally be beneficial. Staying informed about these aspects helps you navigate the intricacies of income tax more effectively and guarantees compliance with regulations. Image via Google Gemini This article, "Understanding Income Tax and Its Types" was first published on Small Business Trends View the full article

Income tax is a vital aspect of your financial environment, affecting both individuals and businesses. It’s important to understand that income tax comes in various forms, including individual and business taxes, in addition to state and local variations. Each type has unique rules, rates, and potential deductions that can influence your financial decisions. Knowing how these factors work can help you make informed choices about your finances, but there’s much more to uncover about the specifics and implications of income tax. Key Takeaways Income tax is a government-imposed tax on individual and business earnings, funding essential government services and programs. The federal income tax system is progressive, with rates ranging from 10% to 37% based on income levels. Taxable income includes wages, salaries, business earnings, and capital gains, while adjustments and deductions determine Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). Individuals can choose between standard deductions or itemized deductions, which reduce taxable income and ultimately lower tax liability. Business income tax applies to corporate profits, while state and local taxes vary, with some states having no personal income tax. What Is Income Tax? Income tax is a fundamental financial obligation that individuals and businesses must meet, acting as a crucial source of funding for government services and programs. To define income tax, it’s a government-imposed tax on the income earned by individuals and businesses. In the U.S., the federal income tax system is progressive, meaning higher earners pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes, with rates currently ranging from 10% to 37% for 2023 and 2024. Individual income tax applies to various income forms, including wages, salaries, commissions, and investment earnings. Business income tax targets profits made by IRS and self-employed individuals. Taxpayers can take advantage of exemptions and deductions to lower their taxable income, which may lead to potential savings on their overall tax obligations. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) oversees the collection of income taxes, enforcing tax laws and managing reportable taxable income. Key Takeaways When considering the nuances of income tax, it’s vital to grasp its progressive nature and how it impacts various taxpayers. Federal income taxation means higher earners face rates between 10% and 37%, based on income level and filing status. Comprehending the taxable income definition is fundamental, as this figure determines how much tax you owe after deductions are applied. Individual income tax applies to wages, salaries, and other income, whereas business income tax targets corporations and self-employed individuals. Tax deductions, like mortgage interest or medical expenses, lower your adjusted gross income (AGI), thereby reducing your overall tax liability. In addition, capital gains tax affects profits from investments, distinguishing between long-term and short-term gains. Finally, keep in mind that property taxes, based on real estate value, play a significant role in funding local public services. By grasping these core concepts, you can navigate your tax responsibilities more effectively. Understanding How Income Taxes Are Collected Comprehending how income taxes are collected involves recognizing the role of the IRS in managing tax laws and ensuring compliance. You’ll find that various income sources, like wages and investments, contribute to your taxable income, and your tax obligations can be influenced by deductions and credits. It’s essential to stay informed about these processes to accurately report your income and fulfill your tax responsibilities. IRS Collection Process The IRS collection process is fundamental for guaranteeing that federal income taxes are paid accurately and on time. This agency collects taxes from individuals and businesses who pay federal income tax based on various income sources like wages, salaries, and investments. For employees, the IRS manages withholding taxes directly from paychecks, whereas self-employed individuals must report and pay their taxes independently. Comprehending how tax works is critical for compliance, as the IRS employs audits and penalties to enforce tax laws. The funds collected support essential government programs, including Social Security and national defense. By following the IRS guidelines, you can avoid issues and ascertain that your tax obligations are met correctly and punctually. Taxable Income Sources Several different sources contribute to taxable income, which is crucial for determining how much you owe in federal income taxes. Taxable income meaning encompasses wages, salaries, commissions, and business earnings, along with investment profits. When you ask what’s considered taxable income, keep in mind that it includes individual income, capital gains from asset sales, and business income for self-employed individuals. The IRS collects income taxes on these various sources, calculating your taxable income by summing them up and adjusting for any deductions or exemptions, leading to your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). In the U.S., individual income tax rates are progressive, so higher earners face increased percentages, whereas some states, like Texas and Florida, impose no state income tax at all. Deductions and Credits Impact When maneuvering through the intricacies of income taxes, it’s vital to understand how deductions and credits can greatly impact your overall tax liability. Deductions reduce your adjusted gross income (AGI), which lowers your taxable income, potentially saving you money. You can choose between itemizing deductions—like medical expenses and mortgage interest—or taking the standard deduction, which is $13,850 for single filers in 2023. Tax credits, in contrast, directly reduce the amount you owe, with refundable credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) possibly giving you a refund if they exceed your liability. Knowing the differences between deductions and tax credits is important for effective tax planning and maximizing your savings based on your income level. The Evolution of Income Tax in the U.S The evolution of income tax in the U.S. reflects significant historical milestones that have shaped the tax system you know today. Initially imposed in 1862 to fund the Civil War, income tax saw a temporary repeal, but it was reinstated in 1913 with the Revenue Act, introducing the progressive tax system we still use. As tax rates have adjusted over the years, ranging from 1% to 37%, this system has aimed to balance economic needs and social equity, impacting millions of taxpayers. Historical Tax Milestones Although many may not realize it, the evolution of income tax in the United States reflects significant historical and economic changes. The federal income tax history began with the first tax enacted in 1862 to fund the Civil War but was repealed in 1872. It wasn’t until the Revenue Act of 1913 that income tax returned, introducing Form 1040 and a progressive tax system. Since then, tax rates have shifted dramatically, with current rates for 2023 and 2024 ranging from 10% to 37%. The 1960s likewise saw the introduction of the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) to guarantee high-income earners pay a minimum tax. Year Event Impact 1862 First income tax enacted Funded Civil War 1872 Repeal of the income tax Tax abolished 1913 Revenue Act reintroduces income tax Introduced Form 1040 1960s Alternative Minimum Tax introduced Guaranteed minimum tax for wealthy Progressive Tax System Building on the historical context of income tax in the U.S., the progressive tax system has become a fundamental aspect of how taxes are levied today. Under this system, individuals pay higher tax rates as their income increases, with federal income tax rates ranging from 10% to 37% for the tax years 2023 and 2024. Initially introduced in 1862 to fund the Civil War, income tax evolved considerably, especially with the Revenue Act of 1913, which established the use of Form 1040 for reporting income. The progressive income tax structure reflects the principle of ability-to-pay, ensuring that higher earners contribute a larger percentage. Furthermore, various exemptions, deductions, and credits have shaped this system, offering potential tax savings for individuals. Exploring Different Types of Income Tax Comprehending the various types of income tax is crucial for traversing the financial terrain, as each category impacts individuals and businesses differently. Grasping the income tax definition helps you navigate your obligations, whether you’re a wage earner or a business owner. Here’s a breakdown of key types: Individual income tax: Levied on wages and salaries, featuring a progressive tax system from 10% to 37%. Business income tax: Applied to corporate profits and self-employed income after deducting expenses. State and local taxes: Vary greatly; some states, like Texas and Florida, have no income tax at all. Capital gains tax: Imposed on profits from investments, with long-term gains taxed at lower rates based on your income bracket. Grasping these types aids in comprehending how federal taxes apply to your specific situation and minimizes your overall tax liability. Individual Income Tax When it pertains to individual income tax, comprehension of how your tax is calculated is crucial. You’ll need to take into account your filing status, which can considerably impact your tax rate and eligibility for deductions and exemptions. Tax Calculation Methods Comprehension of how to calculate your individual income tax can greatly influence your financial planning. To start, you need to define taxable income, which is derived from your total income after applying necessary deductions to your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). Here’s how it’s typically calculated: Determine total income, including wages, salaries, and dividends. Adjust your income to find your AGI. Apply deductions (standard or itemized) to arrive at your taxable income. Use the progressive tax rates (10% to 37% for 2023 and 2024) to calculate your tax liability. Deductions and Exemptions Grasping the deductions and exemptions available to you is vital for minimizing your tax liability. Deductions lower your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) to determine your taxable income formula. You can choose between itemizing deductions or taking the standard deduction, which is $13,850 for single filers and $27,700 for married couples filing jointly in 2023. Itemized deductions may include mortgage interest, state taxes, charitable contributions, and medical expenses, but only if they exceed the standard deduction threshold. Even though tax exemptions were previously available to reduce taxable income by a fixed amount for yourself and dependents, they’ve been suspended until 2026. Comprehending these options is fundamental to optimize your tax planning and reduce your overall tax liability effectively. Filing Status Impact Comprehending your filing status is a key component of your tax strategy, impacting not just your tax rates but likewise the deductions and credits available to you. Your filing status determines your taxable income and the standard deduction you can claim. Here are some important points to take into account: Five filing statuses exist: Single, Married Filing Jointly, Married Filing Separately, Head of Household, and Qualifying Widow(er). Standard deduction for 2023 is $13,850 for Single and $27,700 for Married Filing Jointly. Tax brackets vary; for instance, the 12% bracket for Single filers spans $11,001 to $44,725. Head of Household offers a higher standard deduction and lower rates compared to Single filers, enhancing your tax benefits. Business Income Tax Comprehending business income tax is essential for anyone involved in managing or owning a corporation. This tax, known as corporate income tax, is levied on the profits of C corporations, calculated after deducting allowable business expenses. Currently, the federal corporate income tax rate in the U.S. stands at 21%, a reduction enacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Unlike C corporations, pass-through entities such as S corporations and partnerships report income on their owners’ personal tax returns, thereby avoiding double taxation. Furthermore, the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (CAMT) imposes a 15% minimum tax on corporations with average annual financial statement income exceeding $1 billion, ensuring that larger corporations contribute a baseline level of tax. To minimize tax liability, businesses can take advantage of various deductions, including operating expenses and depreciation, thereby lowering their taxable income effectively. State and Local Income Tax Have you ever wondered how state and local income taxes impact your overall tax burden? These taxes are additional levies that individual states and municipalities impose, and they can greatly affect your finances. Most states charge a state income tax, whereas some, like Florida and Texas, don’t impose any at all. Here are some key points to take into account: State income tax rates can range from about 1% to over 13%. Local income taxes typically apply to both residents and non-residents working in the area, with rates between 0.5% and 4%. Some states offer credits for taxes paid to other jurisdictions to avoid double taxation. Revenues from state and local income taxes fund vital services like education, public safety, and infrastructure. Understanding these taxes is important, as they play a major role in your overall tax obligations and the services you rely on daily. What Percent of Income Is Taxed? How much of your income actually gets taxed? Comprehending what federal taxation is vital for grasping how much you’ll pay. In the U.S., federal income tax rates for 2023 and 2024 range from 10% to 37%, depending on your income level and filing status. Higher earners face higher rates because of the progressive tax system, meaning your income is taxed at increasing rates as it rises through various brackets. For instance, a single filer with a taxable income of $50,000 pays a lower effective rate than someone earning $200,000, although both owe federal tax. Furthermore, payroll taxes, which fund Social Security and Medicare, total 15.3% of wages, shared between employers and employees. Regarding investments, capital gains taxes can vary from 0% to 20%, depending on how long you’ve held the asset. To determine your taxable income, simply subtract deductions from your total income. How Can I Calculate Income Tax? Wondering how to calculate your income tax? Start by determining your total income, which includes wages, salaries, and any other taxable earnings. Here’s a simple process to follow: Adjust your total income with above-the-line deductions to find your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). Subtract either the standard deduction or your itemized deductions from your AGI to figure your taxable income. Apply the federal marginal tax rates, ranging from 10% to 37%, to your taxable income to calculate your gross tax liability. Account for tax credits, like the Earned Income Tax Credit, to determine what’s income tax paid or your potential refund. Which States Have No Income Tax? Are you curious about which states in the U.S. don’t impose an income tax? As of 2023, nine states fit this description: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. Although these states don’t levy a personal income tax on wages and salaries, New Hampshire and Tennessee do tax interest and dividends. To understand how to find taxable income, you need to know what amount of income is taxable, as these states often rely on sales and property taxes to fund public services. The absence of personal income tax can attract new residents and businesses, encouraging economic growth and job creation. Nevertheless, be aware that this lack of tax revenue can lead to higher sales tax rates in these areas. Frequently Asked Questions What Are the Three Main Types of Income Taxes? The three main types of income taxes you’ll encounter are individual income tax, corporate income tax, and payroll tax. Individual income tax is based on earnings and varies by income level, whereas corporate income tax applies to company profits. Payroll tax, conversely, funds Social Security and Medicare, affecting all wage earners. Each tax type plays an essential role in government revenue and impacts financial decisions for individuals and businesses alike. What Are the 7 Types of Taxes With Examples? There are seven main types of taxes you might encounter: Individual Income Tax, which taxes your earnings; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nOdI0UlEYo Corporate Income Tax on business profits; Payroll Taxes for Social Security and Medicare; Property Taxes based on real estate value; Sales Taxes on purchases; Excise Taxes on specific goods like alcohol; and Capital Gains Taxes on profits from asset sales. Each type serves a unique purpose in funding government services and infrastructure. How Much Do You Pay in Federal Taxes if You Make $100,000 a Year? If you earn $100,000 in 2023, you’ll likely owe around $16,712 in federal income taxes before applying deductions and credits. Your effective tax rate is roughly 17%. The tax system is progressive; you’ll pay 10% on the first $11,000, 12% on the next $33,725, 22% on income up to $95,375, and 24% on the remaining amount. Deductions like the standard deduction could lower your taxable income, affecting your final tax liability. What Are the 4 Types of Income? The four types of income you should know are earned income, unearned income, capital gains, and passive income. Earned income includes wages and salaries from work. Unearned income comes from investments like interest and dividends. Capital gains arise when you sell assets for a profit, whereas passive income is generated from ventures where you’re not actively involved, such as rental properties. Each type has different tax implications that can affect your overall financial situation. Conclusion In conclusion, grasping income tax is vital for proper financial planning. By familiarizing yourself with the different types of income tax—individual, business, and state/local—you can make informed decisions. Remember, tax rates and rules vary greatly by jurisdiction, so knowing how to calculate your tax liability and exploring states with no income tax can additionally be beneficial. Staying informed about these aspects helps you navigate the intricacies of income tax more effectively and guarantees compliance with regulations. Image via Google Gemini This article, "Understanding Income Tax and Its Types" was first published on Small Business Trends View the full article