Why investors and farmers are betting on organic agriculture

For decades, the discussion around organic farming has centered on important tenets of sustainability, environmental health, animal welfare, and a vision for food that heals rather than harms. But in America’s fields today, a different conversation is taking root and is grounded in profits. With new economic data and over 40 years of side-by-side comparisons between organic and conventional systems, we can now confidently say that organic is no longer just a values-driven choice; it’s the most profitable model available to U.S. farmers.

At Rodale Institute, the latest Economics of Organic report examines farm-level data across crops, regions, and production systems. The findings show diversified, certified organic farms consistently outperform conventional operations on net income, even when organic yields are modestly lower. In a sector squeezed by volatile input prices and climate risk, organic offers what farmers rarely get: predictable premiums and stronger long-term margins.

How is this possible? Organic corn, wheat, and soybeans earn price premiums ranging from roughly 145% to 250% over conventional counterparts, according to FINBIN data gathered between 2016 and 2020. Even after accounting for higher labor and management costs, organic producers net significantly more income per bushel. In many cases, conventional production results in a net economic loss, while organic systems remain profitable.

ROOTED IN RESEARCH

This is grounded in more than 40 years of side-by-side research from Rodale Institute’s Farming Systems Trial, the longest-running comparison of organic and conventional agriculture in North America. Over time, organic systems yield results comparable to those of traditional systems for crops like corn and wheat, while reducing exposure to increasingly volatile fertilizer and chemical input costs. That cost stability matters when synthetic inputs swing dramatically in price, as they have in recent years.

The market now exceeds $70 billion annually in U.S. organic food sales and continues to grow faster than the overall food market, bolstering the business case for organic practices. Organic production generates nearly 3% of total U.S. farm revenue on just 1% of all farmland. More than half of organic food is sold through mainstream retailers like Walmart and Target, providing clear evidence that organic is no longer a niche category, but a core segment of the modern food economy.

In my new book, The Farm is Here, I explore what is driving this surge. A key aspect of this growth is the exploding demand for products with trusted certifications. In the past year, sales of Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) products rose 22%, according to SPINS CEO Jay Margolis, and other sustainability certifications are outpacing the rest of the market. For today’s shoppers, certifications are symbols of trust that guide decisions in an increasingly crowded marketplace.

Consumer demand is only part of the story. Capital is following returns. Impact investors, farmland real estate investment trusts, specialty lenders, and conservation finance groups have deployed hundreds of millions of dollars into organic and regenerative operations. These investors aren’t solely driven by ideology; but they’re responding to a business model that delivers durable margins, diversified revenue streams, and growing demand. Together, these numbers point to a simple conclusion: organic has crossed the threshold from specialty category to economically material market.

THE NEXT GENERATION OF FARMERS

Equally important is who is choosing to farm this way. USDA census data shows a 7% increase in farmers under 45, many of whom are rejecting the subsidy-dependent industrial model in favor of smaller, diversified, organic operations. An analysis of the USDA census data shows that 2,000 U.S. farms are currently transitioning to organic. For the next generation, organic is not a lifestyle choice, but a strategy for avoiding high-input debt, reducing exposure to price volatility, and building viable operations at smaller scales.

That doesn’t mean the transition is effortless. The three-year certification period, when farmers adopt organic practices before earning full price premiums, can strain cash flow. But risk-mitigation tools are expanding. USDA cost-share programs, conservation incentives, organic-specific crop insurance, and emerging transitional labels are reducing financial exposure. When these tools are aligned, the economic risk of transition drops significantly.

The broader takeaway is that organic agriculture offers a viable economic pathway for rebuilding resilience in American farming. It reduces dependence on volatile inputs, aligns production with consumer demand, and opens the door for new farmers without locking them into unsustainable debt structures.

At a moment when policymakers are searching for ways to strengthen rural economies, investors are looking for climate-resilient assets, and consumers are voting with their dollars, organic agriculture sits at the intersection of profitability and purpose.

The question is no longer whether organic farming can scale economically. The data shows it already has. The real question is whether we will invest, finance, and design agricultural systems that will allow more farmers to succeed.

Jeff Tkach is CEO of Rodale Institute.

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