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When you walk outside, you might be concerned about how a nearby idling car or a faraway factory are polluting the air you breathe. But when you’re inside, the products you use to make your home smell good—like wax melts, air fresheners, or diffusers—warrant the same worries. These products create nanoparticles that pollute your indoor air, at times even making the air inside your home more polluted than the urban outdoors. Researchers at Purdue University have been studying how everyday products create air pollution inside our homes. In a lab that resembles a tiny house—called the Purdue zero Energy Design Guidance for Engineers (zEDGE) lab—they study the emissions that come from cleaning products, essential oil diffusers, air fresheners, scented wax melts, disinfectants, and even deodorant and hair care products. Though you might burn some wax melts or use an essential oil diffuser as a way to mimic the fresh, clean air of a forest or a field of flowers, it’s actually those fragrances that cause pollution. These scented household products emit volatile organic compounds that can then react with the indoor air, including with oxidants like ozone. The result are nanoparticles that, though just a few nanometers in size—or even as small as 1 nanometer—can impact your health. (A human hair, for contrast, is about 80,000 nanometers). These tiny particles can penetrate deep into our lungs and move to other organs; breathing nanoparticles has been associated with health impacts on respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. This “tiny house lab,” which sits outside of Purdue’s Delon and Elizabeth Hampton Hall of Civil Engineering, allows researchers to comprehensively study indoor air quality. [Photo: Kelsey Lefever/Purdue University] “People spend 90% of their time indoors, yet indoor air pollution remains largely unregulated and understudied,” Nusrat Jung, an assistant professor in Purdue’s Lyles School of Civil and Construction Engineering, said via email. Jung and Brandon Boor, also a civil engineering professor, have been working in the zEDGE lab together to study the formation of these tiny particles indoors and compare them to outdoor air. Scientists have been studying indoor air more frequently, especially during the pandemic; gas stoves have become the most prominent culprits of indoor air pollution, along with other types of combustion. But Jung and Boor’s work shows that we need to pay attention to other sources of indoor particulate matter, too. “Our research shows that indoor nanoparticles can form and grow at rates much faster than those observed outdoors, largely due to the significant release of reactive fragrances from scented household products,” Boor says. Purdue University engineers Nusrat Jung, left, and Brandon Boor study the impact of everyday products and activities on a home’s air quality. [Photo: Kelsey Lefever/Purdue University] In their latest study, published earlier this month, they looked specifically at wax melts—which are often touted as a safer, cleaner option than candles and incense, the burning of which produces pollutants. But even though wax melts are flame-free, they still release nanoparticles in concentrations comparable to candles, gas stoves, and diesel engines. This emphasizes Jung and Boor’s general findings that scented household products release pollution, “often exceeding levels found in heavily polluted outdoor environments,” Jung says. Those pollution levels even occur with ostensibly “natural” products like plant-based cleaners or essential oils. They’ve found that using “citrus-scented air fresheners, essential oil diffusers, wax warmers, and terpene-based cleaners can elevate indoor nanoparticle concentrations by 10 to 1,000 times above typical urban outdoor levels,” she adds. The inside of Purdue’s tiny house lab has various sensors and equipment to accurately and precisely measure pollutant emissions from common household activities in real time. [Photo: Kelsey Lefever/Purdue University] Proper ventilation is key. But if you’re opening a window to dilute your indoor air pollution, you could also be adding in more outdoor ozone, which then reacts with those fragrances to generate even more nanoparticles. Instead, air purifiers could help reduce pollution levels. Choosing fragrance-free products could also reduce indoor air pollution. Jung and Boor say they will continue to research how everyday scented products impact our indoor air quality. They also hope to better understand what specific ingredients are causing those nanoparticles to form, as well as what role is played by ventilation, air circulation, and other chemicals already in our air. “The findings from our Purdue zEDGE test house are not just academic; they have real implications for building design, ventilation strategies, consumer product formulations, and public health guidelines,” Jung says. “As we continue to push the boundaries of indoor air quality research, our goal is to empower people with the knowledge and tools to create healthier indoor environments. Because the air we breathe inside should be just as much of a priority as the air outside.” View the full article

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Hunters were once the greatest human threat to the country’s only unique wolf species. Today, it’s motorists. That fact was brought home last June, when red wolf breeding male No. 2444 was struck and killed on U.S. 64 near Manns Harbor, North Carolina. His death likely meant five pups he’d been providing for died, too. “We were hoping the mother would return and resume care, but she never did,” Joe Madison, head of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s red wolf recovery program, said during a recent visit to the site. For decades, conservationists have pushed for changes to U.S. 64, a busy two-lane highway to the popular Outer Banks that runs straight through the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge—one of just two places in the world where red wolves run free. They may finally be getting their wish. In late December, the Federal Highway Administration awarded the first grants under a new $125 million Wildlife Crossings Pilot Program. Unless the grants are somehow undone by President Donald Trump, part of the money will help state agencies and nonprofit groups rebuild a 2.5-mile section of the highway with fencing and a series of culverts, or small underpasses, to allow red wolves—as well as black bears, white-tailed deer, and other animals—to pass safely underneath traffic. “When you build wildlife bridges or underpasses, you reduce human-wildlife conflict,” said Duke University ecologist Stuart Pimm, who studies wildlife migrations but is not directly involved in the project. “There is increasing awareness that reducing traffic collisions is smart for wildlife, smart for people too.” Other agency grants will support new bridges and underpasses for mule deer in Idaho, pronghorn antelope in New Mexico, and cougars and bears in Oregon, among other projects. But what’s notable about the U.S. 64 project is that the goal is twofold: reducing dangerous collisions and roadkill—and saving a critically endangered species. There are thought to be fewer than 20 red wolves left in the wild; besides Alligator River, the other remaining habitat is in the nearby Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. Madison calculates that No. 2444 represented 7% of the known wild red wolf population. “So, every time you get a mortality, that’s a significant hit,” he said. Reducing roadkill—and saving a species? Wildlife crossings have proliferated across the U.S. in the past 20 years with broad nonpartisan support. Most often, the objective is safety. One congressional report estimated that dangerous highway collisions with large animals kill hundreds of people and cost more than $8 billion each year. Researchers have learned a lot about what works for different species. “Pronghorn don’t want to go through tunnels or close spaces, so they avoid underpasses and need bridges,” said Arthur Middleton, an ecologist who studies animal migration at the University of California, Berkeley. “Whereas deer will go under or over.” Gray wolves and coyotes—and, presumably, red wolves—will also use underpasses, or culverts, of 6 or 8 feet in diameter. Fencing is critical to funnel the animals to the structures. Along U.S. 30 in Wyoming, seven small underpasses and fencing cut mule deer collisions by 81%. In Canada, a series of overpasses and underpasses along the Trans-Canada Highway in Banff National Park reduced collisions with hooved animals by 94%. But whether wildlife crossings can help prevent extinctions is a harder question to answer. “Conservation was always a part of the story, but now we’re seeing crossings increasingly pop up that have conservation as a primary rationale,” said Ben Goldfarb, author of the book Crossings: How Road Ecology is Shaping the Future of Our Planet. Some of the most ambitious crossings for conservation have just been built, and it will take time to assess the results. Outside Los Angeles, a wildlife crossing over 10 lanes of U.S. 101 is expected to open in 2026. The primary aim is to help connect the habitat of mountain lions, which need to cross the freeway to find suitable mates. Inbreeding among mountain lions in the L.A. region has already led to genetic mutations and decreased fertility. In Brazil’s Rio de Janeiro state, construction of a wildlife bridge spanning BR 101 was finished in 2020, then native seedlings were planted in a soil bed. Once those trees mature, researchers will study if the target species—an endangered monkey called a golden lion tamarin—uses the bridge regularly. Experts say the trees are necessary for creatures like monkeys or sloths to move across the bridge. Species that scamper on the ground, including foxes, anteaters, and armadillos, are already crossing. Hope at the end of the tunnel underpass for red wolves? While it’s not certain that a wildlife crossing can save the last red wolves, scientists say that doing nothing will almost certainly hasten their demise. Canis rufus, often called “America’s wolf,” once roamed from central Texas to southern Iowa and as far east as Long Island, New York. After being declared extinct in the wild, red wolves were reintroduced in North Carolina in 1987. For about 20 years, the population grew steadily to reach around 120 animals. Then their numbers crashed—with vehicle collisions a primary culprit. One study found that vehicle strikes had killed about 5% of the red wolf population each year between their reintroduction and 2022. Marcel P. Huijser, a study coauthor and a research ecologist at Montana State University’s Western Transportation Institute, warned that the cost of doing nothing, “including losing a wild species, can be far higher than the cost of implementing effective mitigation.” In North Carolina, Fish and Wildlife biologists have tried other measures to prevent crashes—like flashing road signs and reflective collars—without much success. Following No. 2444’s death, conservation groups like the Wildlands Network and the Center for Biological Diversity pushed for another solution. In September, the North Carolina Department of Transportation submitted a grant application for the Red Wolf Essential Survival Crossings Under Evacuation Route, or RESCUER, project. Plans for the U.S. 64 wildlife crossing call for a series of underpass structures—several of them big enough for wolves and other large mammals to pass through—and the accompanying fencing. The exact number and size of the underpasses has yet to be determined, said Travis W. Wilson, eastern habitat conservation coordinator for the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. The estimated total cost for the project is about $31.5 million, including $4 million in private donations raised by conservation groups and an anonymous donor’s matching grant. “This is one of the most important wildlife connectivity projects in the country,” said Beth Pratt, founder of the nonprofit The Wildlife Crossing Fund, which raised funds for the project. “Critically endangered red wolves will disappear if we do nothing.” —By Allen G. Breed and Christina Larson, Associated Press The Associated Press’s Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. AP’s climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. The AP is solely responsible for all content. View the full article

The many different Types of self employment jobs have quite a range. There are dog walkers and accountants, landscapers and delivery drivers. There are self-employed jobs that are so much fun, they don’t feel like work. Often that happens when a hobby becomes a career. Regardless of the type of work performed, all self-employed individuals share a common obligation: they must pay taxes. This includes both income tax and self-employment tax. As a self-employed person, you can file self-employment income taxes yourself. You can get the paperwork needed from the internet and do it yourself, or you can use tax software for small business owners. Or you can hire a tax professional. Remember, this is federal income tax. You’ll also owe state income tax. What’s the Difference Between Income Tax and Self Employment Tax? Income taxes are the taxes you pay based on your net earnings. Self-employment taxes are additional taxes paid by self-employed individuals. What are Self Employment Taxes? Self-employed individuals pay social security and medicare taxes in addition to income tax. Employers take those taxes out when they do payroll. Since you don’t have an employer, you are responsible for paying self-employment taxes. How Much are Self-Employment Taxes? The self employment tax for social security and medicare is 15.3%. Of that, 12.4% goes to social security tax and the medicare tax is 2.9%. That’s the total for social security and medicare taxes if you’re single and make a net income below a certain threshold. If you’re single and exceed that threshold (congratulations, by the way), the medicare tax will be an additional 9% (3.8% total). There are various calculations based on your marital status and earnings from self-employment. Your taxable income is your net earnings, not the total of your business income. Additional Medicare Taxes for Self-Employed Professionals Although the social security tax remains standard, the medicare tax can vary according to your marital status and amount of net earnings from self-employment. When do You Have to Pay Self Employment Tax? Self employment taxes and income taxes should be made by quarterly estimated tax payments. For making quarterly estimated payments, you should use IRS Form 1040-ES, which is the Estimated Tax for Individuals. This form includes blank vouchers that you can print out. Alternatively, you can file electronically through the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System. Self-employed people will still file annual taxes. That’s when you’ll use IRS Form 1040 paired with IRS Schedule C, where you’ll fill in the information used to calculate your profit or loss. Your tax liability may be more or less, depending on whether you’ve over or underestimated your quarterly estimated taxes. The deadline for filing annually for a self-employed individual is the same as everybody else’s federal income tax return deadline, except for a deferral allowed by the CARES Act (see below). Self Employment Tax Deferral Through the CARES Act, workers could defer self employment taxes that were due during a specific period. Half of the self employment taxes due at that time were to be paid by the end of the following tax year, with the remaining half paid by the end of the subsequent tax year. How to File Your Self-Employment Taxes As an independent contractor/self employment individual, you have to keep good records to aid in tax preparation. Even more importantly, for ease in completing your tax return, you have to know where they are. Before beginning your federal income tax return, collect all the necessary documentation to substantiate your business expenses and gross income. These items are essential for calculating your net earnings from self-employment. Additionally, ensure you have the records of your quarterly estimated taxes paid, which were based on your projections for gross income and expenses for your estimated income tax payments. Filling Out Your Self-Employment Tax Form Since your self-employment tax is based on your net earnings from self-employment, the first thing you need to do is fill out your Schedule C. Schedule C: Profit and Loss Statement for Self-Employed This is the form where you record your business expenses, such as what you spent for travel, education and certifications, office equipment and supplies, materials and similar. Your expenses will be specific to the type of work you do as an independent contractor/self-employed person. You’ll add up your total income and the total of your expenses. The different between the two is either profit or loss applied to your tax bill. It’s important to keep the standard deduction in mind as you add up deductions. The standard deduction is $12,550. If your deductions will be less than that amount, you’ll just use the standard deduction. 1040 Self Employed This form includes your general information, such as your address and social security number. People who receive a W2 use the straight 1040. You’ll use the 1040 SE, which has a place for you to record the bottom line from your Schedule C. Once you’ve completed those forms for your tax return, you’ll have the number for your net earnings from self employment. You’ll use that number to calculate your self-employment tax, including social security and Medicare taxes. When you pay estimated taxes, you’ll also include that information. Self Employed W2 Sometimes self employed people receive a W2 from an employer who didn’t withhold payroll taxes. In that case on your tax return you must pay the income tax due, as well as the self employment tax for social security and medicare. Self Employment Tax Deductions If you run your own business, you’ll quickly get savvy about what you can use for a qualified business income deduction. Your self-employment earnings number will be reduced by any income tax deduction, such as: Purchase of computer, laptop, printer, and software for the business Office Supplies Travel such as airfare and vehicle mileage (keep records) Advertising costs Depreciation of equipment Education and certifications What about the home office deduction? Tax professionals often advise against using this deduction. It’s often stated that using the home office deduction makes it more likely that you’ll be audited by the IRS. Is that true? What matters is that as long as you have accurate, provable records, the home office deduction may work for you. For example, you have a dedicated office room, separate business and internet phone line, etc. Before you use this deduction, you may want to get tax advice from a tax preparation professional. Also, making itemized deductions doesn’t always make sense. The annual standard deduction for a single filer was raised to $12,550. If your deductions won’t be higher than that amount, just use the standard deduction. The standard deduction may even get you a higher tax refund. Self Employed Health Insurance Deduction You can deduct the cost of your health insurance premiums as tax deductions as you’re calculating your net earnings. Read More: best tax software for self-employed Tax Write-Offs for Self-Employed The best tax write-off for a self-employed individual is a retirement plan. Money contributed to a retirement plan is deducted from your gross earnings – then called adjusted gross income. Your level of income affects your tax rate, and your tax rate impacts how much you pay as a self employed business owner. For example, if you earn $32,000 gross from self-employment and contribute $6,000 (the annual limit, although you can contribute $7,000 the first year) to an IRA, your adjusted gross income is $26,000. That will change how much you pay to Social Security and Medicare and may help you get a tax refund. Such contributions are also one way to offset capital gains. Remember, if money isn’t taxed when it goes in, it will be taxed when it is withdrawn. You have two main choices: IRA (Individual Retirement Account) – An IRA can either be a traditional IRA, where taxes are not deducted from contributions, or a Roth IRA, where contributions are taxed beforehand. It may be beneficial to seek professional tax advice to figure out which type is most suitable for your situation. 401K – Monies contributed are pre-taxed. You can set up a 401K for your business and even do so for employees if you have them. A tax professional can help with those decisions. How to Pay Self-Employment Tax Calculate your total self-employment tax based on your net earnings. Once you have the annual total of what you owe according to social security and medicare taxes withheld when you made quarterly payments, figure the difference. Then, based on net profit and previous quarterly payments, calculate your self-employment taxes owed. If you owe, you’ll be able to print a payment voucher from Schedule 1040 SE and send a check. Or you can pay electronically. How to Report Self-Employment Income Without a 1099 Many independent contractors don’t receive a 1099. Instead, their clients pay them by check, payment App or other method. During the year, you should record and tally payments made to you. As independent wage earners, you should have a business bank account. Using deposit records made to the business account, it should be easy to feed the deposit information (as income) into your tax preparation software or tax paperwork. You will always need documentation to support the numbers you use on your tax return. Having a record of deposits makes that easier. You should also have a dedicated credit card for your business. If you use the credit card for all or for the bulk of your purchases and expenses, tax time could be a breeze. Depending on the card you select, you could be earning points, rewards, or cash back on your spending in the meantime. Do I need to pay self-employment taxes? Yes, without a doubt. What happens if you don’t pay self-employment tax on time? If you don’t pay on time, the IRS will charge you a penalty. The penalty will be 2.66% on the amount owed. That percentage will be applied monthly to the growing total. What Is the Federal Self Employment Tax Rate? The self-employment tax rate is 15.3% (12.4 for SS and 2.9 for Medicare). With traditional employment taxes, the employer pays half of that (7.65%), and the employee is charged half (taken out of the paycheck). Since you don’t have an employer, the 7.65% amount can be used as a tax deduction. Is Disability Insurance for Self Employment Tax Deductible? No, the amount you pay for disability insurance is NOT tax deductible. That doesn’t mean you should go without it. In fact, disability insurance is relatively inexpensive, especially in comparison to the difference it will make for you should you become injured in some way and unable to work. However, you should be able to deduct dental, vision, and medical expenses if you spend more than your adjusted gross income. For instance, suppose you earned a gross income of $40,000 last year. After contributing $6,000 to an IRA, your adjusted income would be $34,000. You may have affordable health insurance but a high deductible that you paid out of pocket. Or you may not have vision or dental insurance. What if you needed two root canals, and paid more than $5,000 total for both? In the example, that’s more than 7.5% ($4,533) of the AGI. You may be able to deduct those costs. Of course, you’ll need documentation, including bills and records of your payments. If you have multiple medical expenses, it may be time to use a tax professional or tax software that includes professional assistance. What is the difference between self-employment tax and income tax? Let’s review. As you now know, the two are related – and you can’t have one without the other. In short, if you’re self-employed, use Schedule C to calculate deductions (if you have more than $12,500). If not, use the standard deduction. Make quarterly payments for the se tax, based on your best estimates. When you do the annual filing, use your net income earnings to see how much se tax you owe based on that figure. Using the totals from your quarterly payments, subtract what you’ve already paid. Make a payment for the remainder. Image: Depositphotos This article, "How to File Self Employment Taxes" was first published on Small Business Trends View the full article

The many different Types of self employment jobs have quite a range. There are dog walkers and accountants, landscapers and delivery drivers. There are self-employed jobs that are so much fun, they don’t feel like work. Often that happens when a hobby becomes a career. Regardless of the type of work performed, all self-employed individuals share a common obligation: they must pay taxes. This includes both income tax and self-employment tax. As a self-employed person, you can file self-employment income taxes yourself. You can get the paperwork needed from the internet and do it yourself, or you can use tax software for small business owners. Or you can hire a tax professional. Remember, this is federal income tax. You’ll also owe state income tax. What’s the Difference Between Income Tax and Self Employment Tax? Income taxes are the taxes you pay based on your net earnings. Self-employment taxes are additional taxes paid by self-employed individuals. What are Self Employment Taxes? Self-employed individuals pay social security and medicare taxes in addition to income tax. Employers take those taxes out when they do payroll. Since you don’t have an employer, you are responsible for paying self-employment taxes. How Much are Self-Employment Taxes? The self employment tax for social security and medicare is 15.3%. Of that, 12.4% goes to social security tax and the medicare tax is 2.9%. That’s the total for social security and medicare taxes if you’re single and make a net income below a certain threshold. If you’re single and exceed that threshold (congratulations, by the way), the medicare tax will be an additional 9% (3.8% total). There are various calculations based on your marital status and earnings from self-employment. Your taxable income is your net earnings, not the total of your business income. Additional Medicare Taxes for Self-Employed Professionals Although the social security tax remains standard, the medicare tax can vary according to your marital status and amount of net earnings from self-employment. When do You Have to Pay Self Employment Tax? Self employment taxes and income taxes should be made by quarterly estimated tax payments. For making quarterly estimated payments, you should use IRS Form 1040-ES, which is the Estimated Tax for Individuals. This form includes blank vouchers that you can print out. Alternatively, you can file electronically through the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System. Self-employed people will still file annual taxes. That’s when you’ll use IRS Form 1040 paired with IRS Schedule C, where you’ll fill in the information used to calculate your profit or loss. Your tax liability may be more or less, depending on whether you’ve over or underestimated your quarterly estimated taxes. The deadline for filing annually for a self-employed individual is the same as everybody else’s federal income tax return deadline, except for a deferral allowed by the CARES Act (see below). Self Employment Tax Deferral Through the CARES Act, workers could defer self employment taxes that were due during a specific period. Half of the self employment taxes due at that time were to be paid by the end of the following tax year, with the remaining half paid by the end of the subsequent tax year. How to File Your Self-Employment Taxes As an independent contractor/self employment individual, you have to keep good records to aid in tax preparation. Even more importantly, for ease in completing your tax return, you have to know where they are. Before beginning your federal income tax return, collect all the necessary documentation to substantiate your business expenses and gross income. These items are essential for calculating your net earnings from self-employment. Additionally, ensure you have the records of your quarterly estimated taxes paid, which were based on your projections for gross income and expenses for your estimated income tax payments. Filling Out Your Self-Employment Tax Form Since your self-employment tax is based on your net earnings from self-employment, the first thing you need to do is fill out your Schedule C. Schedule C: Profit and Loss Statement for Self-Employed This is the form where you record your business expenses, such as what you spent for travel, education and certifications, office equipment and supplies, materials and similar. Your expenses will be specific to the type of work you do as an independent contractor/self-employed person. You’ll add up your total income and the total of your expenses. The different between the two is either profit or loss applied to your tax bill. It’s important to keep the standard deduction in mind as you add up deductions. The standard deduction is $12,550. If your deductions will be less than that amount, you’ll just use the standard deduction. 1040 Self Employed This form includes your general information, such as your address and social security number. People who receive a W2 use the straight 1040. You’ll use the 1040 SE, which has a place for you to record the bottom line from your Schedule C. Once you’ve completed those forms for your tax return, you’ll have the number for your net earnings from self employment. You’ll use that number to calculate your self-employment tax, including social security and Medicare taxes. When you pay estimated taxes, you’ll also include that information. Self Employed W2 Sometimes self employed people receive a W2 from an employer who didn’t withhold payroll taxes. In that case on your tax return you must pay the income tax due, as well as the self employment tax for social security and medicare. Self Employment Tax Deductions If you run your own business, you’ll quickly get savvy about what you can use for a qualified business income deduction. Your self-employment earnings number will be reduced by any income tax deduction, such as: Purchase of computer, laptop, printer, and software for the business Office Supplies Travel such as airfare and vehicle mileage (keep records) Advertising costs Depreciation of equipment Education and certifications What about the home office deduction? Tax professionals often advise against using this deduction. It’s often stated that using the home office deduction makes it more likely that you’ll be audited by the IRS. Is that true? What matters is that as long as you have accurate, provable records, the home office deduction may work for you. For example, you have a dedicated office room, separate business and internet phone line, etc. Before you use this deduction, you may want to get tax advice from a tax preparation professional. Also, making itemized deductions doesn’t always make sense. The annual standard deduction for a single filer was raised to $12,550. If your deductions won’t be higher than that amount, just use the standard deduction. The standard deduction may even get you a higher tax refund. Self Employed Health Insurance Deduction You can deduct the cost of your health insurance premiums as tax deductions as you’re calculating your net earnings. Read More: best tax software for self-employed Tax Write-Offs for Self-Employed The best tax write-off for a self-employed individual is a retirement plan. Money contributed to a retirement plan is deducted from your gross earnings – then called adjusted gross income. Your level of income affects your tax rate, and your tax rate impacts how much you pay as a self employed business owner. For example, if you earn $32,000 gross from self-employment and contribute $6,000 (the annual limit, although you can contribute $7,000 the first year) to an IRA, your adjusted gross income is $26,000. That will change how much you pay to Social Security and Medicare and may help you get a tax refund. Such contributions are also one way to offset capital gains. Remember, if money isn’t taxed when it goes in, it will be taxed when it is withdrawn. You have two main choices: IRA (Individual Retirement Account) – An IRA can either be a traditional IRA, where taxes are not deducted from contributions, or a Roth IRA, where contributions are taxed beforehand. It may be beneficial to seek professional tax advice to figure out which type is most suitable for your situation. 401K – Monies contributed are pre-taxed. You can set up a 401K for your business and even do so for employees if you have them. A tax professional can help with those decisions. How to Pay Self-Employment Tax Calculate your total self-employment tax based on your net earnings. Once you have the annual total of what you owe according to social security and medicare taxes withheld when you made quarterly payments, figure the difference. Then, based on net profit and previous quarterly payments, calculate your self-employment taxes owed. If you owe, you’ll be able to print a payment voucher from Schedule 1040 SE and send a check. Or you can pay electronically. How to Report Self-Employment Income Without a 1099 Many independent contractors don’t receive a 1099. Instead, their clients pay them by check, payment App or other method. During the year, you should record and tally payments made to you. As independent wage earners, you should have a business bank account. Using deposit records made to the business account, it should be easy to feed the deposit information (as income) into your tax preparation software or tax paperwork. You will always need documentation to support the numbers you use on your tax return. Having a record of deposits makes that easier. You should also have a dedicated credit card for your business. If you use the credit card for all or for the bulk of your purchases and expenses, tax time could be a breeze. Depending on the card you select, you could be earning points, rewards, or cash back on your spending in the meantime. Do I need to pay self-employment taxes? Yes, without a doubt. What happens if you don’t pay self-employment tax on time? If you don’t pay on time, the IRS will charge you a penalty. The penalty will be 2.66% on the amount owed. That percentage will be applied monthly to the growing total. What Is the Federal Self Employment Tax Rate? The self-employment tax rate is 15.3% (12.4 for SS and 2.9 for Medicare). With traditional employment taxes, the employer pays half of that (7.65%), and the employee is charged half (taken out of the paycheck). Since you don’t have an employer, the 7.65% amount can be used as a tax deduction. Is Disability Insurance for Self Employment Tax Deductible? No, the amount you pay for disability insurance is NOT tax deductible. That doesn’t mean you should go without it. In fact, disability insurance is relatively inexpensive, especially in comparison to the difference it will make for you should you become injured in some way and unable to work. However, you should be able to deduct dental, vision, and medical expenses if you spend more than your adjusted gross income. For instance, suppose you earned a gross income of $40,000 last year. After contributing $6,000 to an IRA, your adjusted income would be $34,000. You may have affordable health insurance but a high deductible that you paid out of pocket. Or you may not have vision or dental insurance. What if you needed two root canals, and paid more than $5,000 total for both? In the example, that’s more than 7.5% ($4,533) of the AGI. You may be able to deduct those costs. Of course, you’ll need documentation, including bills and records of your payments. If you have multiple medical expenses, it may be time to use a tax professional or tax software that includes professional assistance. What is the difference between self-employment tax and income tax? Let’s review. As you now know, the two are related – and you can’t have one without the other. In short, if you’re self-employed, use Schedule C to calculate deductions (if you have more than $12,500). If not, use the standard deduction. Make quarterly payments for the se tax, based on your best estimates. When you do the annual filing, use your net income earnings to see how much se tax you owe based on that figure. Using the totals from your quarterly payments, subtract what you’ve already paid. Make a payment for the remainder. Image: Depositphotos This article, "How to File Self Employment Taxes" was first published on Small Business Trends View the full article

A push to ban sugary drinks, candy, and more from the U.S. program that helps low-income families pay for nutritious food has been tried before—but it may soon get a boost from new Trump administration officials. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the newly confirmed health and human services secretary, and Brooke Rollins, the new agriculture secretary, have both signaled that they favor stripping such treats from SNAP, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Kennedy has been most vocal, calling for the government to stop allowing the nearly $113 billion program that serves about 42 million Americans to use benefits to pay for “soda or processed foods.” “The one place that I would say that we need to really change policy is the SNAP program and food stamps and in school lunches,” Kennedy told Fox News host Laura Ingraham last week. “There, the federal government in many cases is paying for it. And we shouldn’t be subsidizing people to eat poison.” In one of her first interviews after being confirmed, Rollins said she looked forward to working with Kennedy on the issue. “When a taxpayer is putting money into SNAP, are they okay with us using their tax dollars to feed really bad food and sugary drinks to children who perhaps need something more nutritious?” Rollins said. “These are all massive questions we’re going to be asking and working on in the coming months and years.” But removing certain foods from SNAP—known for years as food stamps—isn’t as simple as it sounds. The program is run by the USDA, not HHS, and is administered through individual states. It is authorized by the federal Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, which says SNAP benefits can be used for “any food or food product intended for human consumption,” except alcohol, tobacco, and hot foods, including those prepared for immediate consumption. Excluding any foods would require Congress to change the law—or for states to get waivers that would let them restrict purchases, said Katie Bergh, a senior policy analyst for the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a nonpartisan research group. Over the past 20 years, lawmakers in several states have proposed stopping SNAP from paying for bottled water, soda, chips, ice cream, decorated cakes, and “luxury meats” like steak. “None of those requests have ever been approved under either Republican or Democratic presidents,” Bergh said. In the past, Agriculture Department officials rejected the waivers, saying in a 2007 paper that no clear standards exist to define foods “as good or bad, or healthy or not healthy.” In addition, the agency said restrictions would be difficult to implement, complicated, and costly. And they might not change recipients’ food purchases or reduce conditions such as obesity. Anti-hunger advocates point to research that shows SNAP recipients are no more likely than other low-income Americans to buy sugary drinks or snack foods. And they say that limiting food choices undermines the autonomy and dignity of people who receive, on average, about $187 per month—or about $6.16 per day, according to the latest figures. “This is just another way to cut benefits,” said Gina Plata-Nino, a deputy director at the Food Research and Action Center, a nonprofit advocacy group. “It’s like, how do we restrict people more? How do we stigmatize them more?” Bills are pending in Congress and in several states to restrict SNAP benefits from paying for soda, candy, and other items. Representative Josh Breechan, an Oklahoma Republican, sponsored the Healthy SNAP Act. “If someone wants to buy junk food on their own dime, that’s up to them,” he said. “But what we’re saying is, don’t ask the taxpayer to pay for it and then also expect the taxpayer to pick up the tab for the resulting health consequences.” One SNAP recipient said she uses her monthly $291 benefit to buy necessities such as meat, oil, milk, and coffee. Martina Santos, 66, of New York City, supplements those foods with fresh vegetables and fruits from a pantry run by the West Side Campaign Against Hunger, where she’s also a volunteer. Because she has diabetes and other health conditions, she said she understands the importance of using the benefits only for nutritious options. “For me, SNAP is to be used toward healthy food to get people to avoid all the disease they’re having around right now: obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure,” Santos said. In Kansas and elsewhere, bills that would ban soft drinks and candy highlight some of the challenges of such changes. Several pending bills seek to keep SNAP from paying for soft drinks, but they would continue to allow drinks containing milk, milk alternatives like soy or almond milk, or drinks with more than 50% vegetable or fruit juice. Candy is characterized as any unrefrigerated, flourless preparation of “sugar, honey, or other natural or artificial sweeteners in combination with chocolate, fruits, nuts, or other ingredients or flavorings in the form of bars, drops, or pieces.” By that definition, Kit Kat and Twix bars, which contain flour, wouldn’t be banned. And juices that contain high amounts of sugar but are more than half fruit juice by volume would be allowed. Such conundrums have stymied changes to the SNAP program for decades. But this moment could be different, said Dr. Anand Parekh, chief medical officer of the Bipartisan Policy Center, a think tank based in Washington, D.C. The momentum behind Kennedy’s “Make America Healthy Again” movement could spur a new focus on solutions to poor diets that account for leading risk factors for early disease and death. “When we talk about the SNAP program, we have to remind people that the N stands for nutrition,” Parekh said. “It’s about time that both parties can come together and see what are the innovations here to improve diet quality and nutrition.” —By Jonel Aleccia, AP health writer Associated Press video journalist Mary Conlon contributed to this report. The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content. View the full article

Exchange under shaky ceasefire deal includes three deceased members of Bibas familyView the full article

Frustration is a common emotion. It’s a close cousin to anger, because both deal with your reaction to an obstacle that is preventing you from achieving your goals. Where they differ is that anger is (usually) directed outward at an external obstacle. The energy and rage that anger generates may be useful for trying to influence that external obstacle physically. Frustration is often directed at an internal or systemic obstacle that you can’t do much about. You may be frustrated because you don’t have the capability or time to do something, or may feel like some aspect of your company (or society) prevents you from accomplishing a goal. But frustration is often unproductive, because it gets you energized around something you can’t really fix. You may actually think less clearly if you get too energized and that might make it harder to move forward. Here are a few things you can do to handle frustration effectively, especially when it comes up in the workplace: Take a step back Research going back almost 120 years shows that there is a sweet spot for the amount of mental energy you need to operate effectively. When you have a low level of energy, you don’t think effectively, because you’re simply not engaged with the situation. As you get more energized, you get more effective in your thinking up to a point. However, additional energy will actually create too much arousal. At that point, you have a hard time staying focused. A little frustration can be helpful, because it may actually get you to pay attention to something that might otherwise escape your notice. However, when a situation creates more extreme frustration, you’re going to have trouble addressing it effectively. You need to develop strategies to dissipate that energy. Ideally, you would take a little time to disengage from the situation. Some physical activity can help. Taking a brisk walk or doing a workout can leave you calmer afterward. Techniques for calming yourself can also be valuable. Deep breathing exercises, yoga, and mindfulness meditations are options. Some of these techniques (particularly deep breathing) are also helpful when you can’t completely disengage with the situation. Understand the root of your workplace frustration When you’re feeling workplace frustration, it may not always be obvious what’s causing that emotion. That is, you may have the overwhelming feeling that you’re stuck without knowing why. It is valuable to think more about the nature of the obstacle and what would be required to overcome it. In what ways do you feel unprepared to take on the task you’re doing? If you need assistance from someone else or an opportunity build your skills, then develop a proposal you can bring to a supervisor to be more effective in the future. To what extent are there organizational structures that are getting in your way? Perhaps there is someone else making it difficult to complete your work. Perhaps you need permission from someone to move forward and can’t get the go-ahead. A conversation with your supervisor can be helpful here, as well. If you’re not sure where the barrier is coming from, they may be able to help. If you do know the cause of the problem, they may also be able to clear it away. Bringing these sources of organizational frustration to the attention of a supervisor is also valuable, because if you’re having a problem, chances are there are other colleagues who are as well. Get help Occasional frustration is part of everyone’s personal and professional life. Developing strategies to deal with excess energy that I mentioned earlier help a lot. But, if you find yourself frustrated at work frequently, consider seeing a therapist or career coach. It’s natural to think that the workplace frustration you experience signals a problem with the organization you’re working for. You might think the organization is poorly run, that your manager is a problem, or that you are just a bad fit for your current role. And, it’s entirely possible these are a big source of the problem. A good therapist or coach can help you to identify the source of the significant frustration you’re feeling. An important reason to work with someone else, though, is that it is also possible that you are helping to make that sense of frustration worse through your own reactions to things happening at work. Perhaps you interpret other people’s actions in a way that makes them feel like obstacles when they are not intended that way. Perhaps you are overestimating your own abilities, and that puts you in situations that are ultimately overwhelming. You might want to please others and so you take on more work than you can handle. A therapist or coach may help you to see the ways that you are contributing to your feelings of frustration. That is important, because you might think that changing jobs will alleviate your workplace frustration. But, if your actions or reactions are contributing to your sense of frustration, those won’t go away just by moving from one job to another. View the full article

UK bank had already booked a £450mn provision last yearView the full article

This post was written by Alison Green and published on Ask a Manager. It’s five answers to five questions. Here we go… 1. I hate my new job — can I go back to my old one? I worked at a company for over three years. Internally they have their issues and I had my share of frustrations, but it is basically a well oiled machine. As far as growth, there is not much, but I was paid well and had flexibility with my hours, although absolutely no work from home and an hour commute each way. Three months ago, a colleague who worked with me at this company and left two years prior, asked me to send my resume to her so she could pass it along to her boss. She only had good things to say about her new company so I thought it was a no-brainer when I interviewed and got the job with a 10% increase in pay and a hybrid schedule. I started the new job three weeks ago, and I am absolutely miserable. I miss my old job, my work, even the colleagues and the frustrations. I am mourning my old life and I want it back. I am also upset with this colleague who presented this new position to me because there are a ton of red flags and it is not a happy place like she said. I really did not plan to be in a position to now be searching for work, but here I am. Do you think it’s worth reaching out to my old manager and seeing if they will accept me back in my old role? As far as I know, they still have not filled the position. I was a good employee there but had a couple minor complaints about personal stuff — too much socializing with another employee, bad attitude during times of stress, but never any issues with my work or work ethic. I am depressed and having trouble sleeping and eating, completely consumed with how to get back to my old job. Please help! How much of this is about missing the old job and/or the discomfort of change, and how much is about truly not liking the new job? It might be 100% the latter, but I can’t completely tell from your letter — so I want to make sure you’ve thought that through, because sometimes it can be the change itself and/or missing what’s familiar and comfortable that’s more of the issue. If that’s the case, the solution is to give it more time so that this job starts feeling more comfortable to you, too. But if you’re confident the problem is the new job and it’s not right for you … you can certainly contact your old manager and ask about the possibility of your coming back. Sometimes people do that! They might or might not be open to it (too much socializing and bad attitude during times of stress could be pretty minor or they could be pretty big), but there’s nothing wrong with asking. Keep in mind that they’ll probably want some assurance that you’ll stay for a while and not immediately be looking again. There’s also a third option, of staying where you are while looking for a new job (not going back to the old one), which would give you some time to see if you get more used to the new company while you’re actively working on other options. Right now you’re so focused on missing the old job in comparison to the new one that there’s a risk you’re not thinking critically about the frustrations you had there. It might also be interesting to talk to the colleague who recruited you about what your experience has been at the company so far. It’s possible she’ll have some insight that will change your perspective, or at least help you sort through why you’re having such a different experience there than she’s had. Related: I just started my new job and I miss my old one — did I make a mistake? how to ask for your old job back 2. Instructor said, “Just lie back and think of England” I am a woman in a mostly male field, if it matters. Recently I was taking an online course to pursue a certification (which I got! Woo), and the instructor made a comment about ignoring something. Specifically he said, “Just lie back and think of England.” I thought that was a horribly sexist/gross thing to say! Especially as an instructor! (For the record, I think “open kimono” is equally appalling.) I sent him an email that afternoon remarking about my thoughts and advising him to look up that particular phrase and how it could be offensive. I never got a reply, and then felt awkward completing the class for the next few days. Was I out of line? No, that’s a gross and inappropriate phrase for an instructor to use. For anyone who’s unaware of its origins, it comes from a suggestion that a woman should submit to sexual activity from her spouse even if she’d prefer not to, because of her duties as a wife (and patriot!). You were not out of line to point that out, and he should have replied to thank you (or at a minimum to say he didn’t mean to make anyone uncomfortable and would be more aware of his language in the future, or so forth). His silence says something about him, not you, and you don’t need to feel awkward. 3. Is expecting an interview on very short notice a bad sign? Yesterday, at 4:45 pm, I received an email requesting an interview for today between 9 am and 11 am or at 2 pm. I also received a phone call around 10 minutes later. I responded to the email around 5:05 pm, stating I’d be available at 9:15 am today for an interview. I did not receive a reply until this morning at 8:45. The person scheduling the interview said they were sorry they didn’t see my email earlier and asked if I could do 2:30. I can’t so I emailed back saying no and gave other days/times I could. She responded saying that the program director is going on vacation tonight, so they’d like to schedule something today and asked if I could be available at 9:30 or 10 today. While I understand a vacation making things difficult to schedule, I am getting a bad taste of this organization and the job. What say you? Is it a bad sign for this kind of rush job? Nah, not really. It’s annoying — and if they’re going to email you at the end of the workday proposing an interview for the start of the following day, they really need a plan for checking email that evening to see if you chose that time — but it doesn’t necessarily carry any larger message about the company. It could be a disorganized scheduler and nothing else, or just a rush for legitimate reasons to see if they can get some of the interviews done before the director leaves. It’s not necessarily anything bigger than that. If you can’t be available on their short notice, you can’t. But I wouldn’t read much into it. If you advance in the process and continue to see signs of disorganization or of “my emergency needs to be your emergency,” that would be different. 4. Two employees share an office and don’t get along I am a new supervisor and have recently had three employees move under my supervision. At the same time as this transition, two employees moved into a shared office space. (This was a decision made by upper management and it makes sense based on their job duties.) The problem is these two employees do not get along whatsoever and frankly never have. “Sharon” is extremely passive-aggressive when given advice on dealing with situations and is running around the whole company complaining about everything from the shared office to flat-out saying rude things about “Lisa.” It’s extremely unprofessional and needs to stop. I plan to have a sit-down meeting with Sharon to talk about these issues. I want her to understand I will not tolerate this behavior. I suspect she will put blame on Lisa. She’s mentioned Lisa saying things like “you didn’t give me condolences when my mother-in-law passed away” or “I don’t believe my plants were the cause of your so called allergies.” These comments very well could have happened, so I also plan to sit down with Lisa. I just don’t know the appropriate way to respond when that’s brought up, because while that’s an issue that needs to be addressed, it doesn’t excuse the negativity that she’s spreading around the company. You should hear her out about Lisa in case there’s something truly egregious that you need to know about and address. But then you should say, “I will be talking with Lisa separately, but this meeting is about my expectations for your behavior and I’m asking you to focus on that right now.” 5. How honest can I be that I need more WFH days if I’m going to stay? I currently work from home one day a week. Due to a lack of affordability in our area and the space we need, my family have decided to move out of the town where my office is based, a 1.5-hour commute away. I would like to request an extra day working from home. My bosses have been very lukewarm-to-negative about remote work, but on the other hand there are other people in the office working more remote days than I would be requesting, albeit in a different department. So I’m going to request the extra day, but how honest should be about what the impact of the decision would have on me staying with the company? They are entitled to say no to to the request, but the reality would be that I would start looking at new jobs. How honest should I be about that? It depends 100% on how valued you are and how much capital you have. The more they’d be upset to lose you, the more up-front you can be — and even then I’d frame it as “this is something that would let me happily stay with the company long-term,” not as “I’ll need to start job-searching if you say no,” particularly since you can’t control how long that search will take. A decent manager will read between those lines without you having to spell it out more explicitly than that. View the full article

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The president’s conviction that US currency strength gives trading partners an unfair advantage is well known View the full article

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Ignition has introduced AutoPricing, a first-to-market suite of pricing automation tools designed to help professional services businesses streamline price increases at scale. The new capabilities allow businesses to automate bulk price adjustments, providing greater control over revenue growth while improving long-term cash flow and profitability. The latest AutoPricing feature enables businesses to increase prices across multiple clients simultaneously, eliminating the manual burden of individual price updates. The tool integrates directly into proposal editing and renewals, giving businesses an immediate view of additional revenue generated from price adjustments. “Too many businesses hesitate to raise prices because the process is cumbersome and the conversations are awkward—ultimately leaving revenue on the table,” said Greg Strickland, CEO of Ignition. “At Ignition, we believe pricing should be a strategic growth driver, not a source of stress. With AutoPricing, we’re empowering businesses to easily adjust their fees to improve profitability and confidently charge what they’re worth. This allows them to focus on smarter pricing, rather than cutting costs or chasing client volume.” A recent Ignition pricing benchmark found that over half of U.S. accounting firms plan to increase fees by 5 to 10 percent in 2025, primarily in response to rising costs. Small and midsize businesses (SMBs) are expected to follow suit, often turning to accountants for pricing and cash flow guidance. Despite this trend, many service-based businesses lack the tools to adjust pricing effectively and consistently. Ignition’s AutoPricing suite automates client renewals, helping businesses implement pricing changes seamlessly within a single platform. Key Features of AutoPricing The AutoPricing update includes: Bulk price adjustments across multiple client contracts, simplifying renewals and ensuring pricing consistency. Automated percentage-based increases applied across all clients or specific segments. Customizable price adjustments for select clients using an interactive pricing wizard. Pre-built email templates to notify clients of price changes, eliminating difficult pricing conversations. The new AutoPricing capabilities expand on Ignition’s existing automated pricing tools, which have already helped businesses increase prices by an average of eight percent, generating $8.7 million in additional revenue. Future Developments Ignition plans to further invest in smart AutoPricing capabilities, including AI-driven pricing intelligence and real-time insights, to help service-based businesses price confidently and competitively. The new AutoPricing feature is now available to Ignition customers. This article, "Ignition Launches AutoPricing to Automate Price Increases for Service-Based Businesses" was first published on Small Business Trends View the full article

Ignition has introduced AutoPricing, a first-to-market suite of pricing automation tools designed to help professional services businesses streamline price increases at scale. The new capabilities allow businesses to automate bulk price adjustments, providing greater control over revenue growth while improving long-term cash flow and profitability. The latest AutoPricing feature enables businesses to increase prices across multiple clients simultaneously, eliminating the manual burden of individual price updates. The tool integrates directly into proposal editing and renewals, giving businesses an immediate view of additional revenue generated from price adjustments. “Too many businesses hesitate to raise prices because the process is cumbersome and the conversations are awkward—ultimately leaving revenue on the table,” said Greg Strickland, CEO of Ignition. “At Ignition, we believe pricing should be a strategic growth driver, not a source of stress. With AutoPricing, we’re empowering businesses to easily adjust their fees to improve profitability and confidently charge what they’re worth. This allows them to focus on smarter pricing, rather than cutting costs or chasing client volume.” A recent Ignition pricing benchmark found that over half of U.S. accounting firms plan to increase fees by 5 to 10 percent in 2025, primarily in response to rising costs. Small and midsize businesses (SMBs) are expected to follow suit, often turning to accountants for pricing and cash flow guidance. Despite this trend, many service-based businesses lack the tools to adjust pricing effectively and consistently. Ignition’s AutoPricing suite automates client renewals, helping businesses implement pricing changes seamlessly within a single platform. Key Features of AutoPricing The AutoPricing update includes: Bulk price adjustments across multiple client contracts, simplifying renewals and ensuring pricing consistency. Automated percentage-based increases applied across all clients or specific segments. Customizable price adjustments for select clients using an interactive pricing wizard. Pre-built email templates to notify clients of price changes, eliminating difficult pricing conversations. The new AutoPricing capabilities expand on Ignition’s existing automated pricing tools, which have already helped businesses increase prices by an average of eight percent, generating $8.7 million in additional revenue. Future Developments Ignition plans to further invest in smart AutoPricing capabilities, including AI-driven pricing intelligence and real-time insights, to help service-based businesses price confidently and competitively. The new AutoPricing feature is now available to Ignition customers. This article, "Ignition Launches AutoPricing to Automate Price Increases for Service-Based Businesses" was first published on Small Business Trends View the full article

Learn the ins and outs of using sitemaps to improve content discovery and indexing. The post How To Use XML Sitemaps To Boost SEO appeared first on Search Engine Journal. View the full article

The U.S. Senate voted Wednesday to confirm former Georgia Sen. Kelly Loeffler as the next administrator of the Small Business Administration. Loeffler had been tapped by President Donald Trump for the position during the transition to his second term in the White House. “A huge honor to be at the Capitol today as my former Senate colleagues voted to confirm me as the 28th Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration,” Loeffler wrote on X Wednesday. “Profoundly grateful to @POTUS for the trust he’s placed in me to help advance his America First agenda – and unleash a new era of growth, innovation, and prosperity for small business and all Americans.” The Senate vote on her confirmation was 52-46. Loeffler takes over at SBA from Isabel Guzman, who served in that role for much of the Joe Biden administration. She takes over during a time of a little bit of upheaval at the SBA. Recently, Sen. Edward Markey (D-Mass.) sent a letter to interim Administrator Everett Woodel “demanding answers” on why the SBA allegedly allowed the Dept. of Government Efficiency (DOGE) access to the agency’s information. “Allowing Elon Musk’s minions access to the sensitive information in the SBA’s systems raises privacy, data security, and other serious concerns,” Markey wrote. Image: Kelly Loeffler/X This article, "Loeffler Confirmed as Next SBA Administrator" was first published on Small Business Trends View the full article